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Criminal Psychology > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

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0
Q

Out of the population who are the most likely to offend?

A

Young males.

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1
Q

What is the common assumption of biosocial, biological and psychological theories of criminal behaviour?

A

Human beings possess unique characteristics which when influenced by the environment and/or situational variables may lead some to engage in criminal behaviour.

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2
Q

What is an evolutional theory of crime?

A
  • “survival of the fittest”
  • Suggests that certain criminal behaviours have an adaptive
    value.
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3
Q

What did Lombroso say about “born criminal” appearences?

A

Criminals may be at more primitive, evolutionary stages. The basic features he observed were larger noses, lips and ears. Not all of them are born criminal. His theory was later revised to account for environmental influences (acting out of passion, insane, hysteric)

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4
Q

What are the concordance rates for criminal behaviours for twins?

A

60%

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5
Q

What are the concordance rates for non-identical twins for criminal behaviour?

A

21%

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6
Q

What is a big factor for differences to consider for twin studies? (in regarding criminal behaviour)

A

Different peer interactions.

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7
Q

What did Hutchings & Mednick find in adoption studies regarding criminal behaviour?

A

22% of adoptees of criminal biological fathers

12% of adoptees of criminal adoptive fathers

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8
Q

Genetically determined (towards criminal behaviour) does not mean genetically ___________.

A

Fixed

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9
Q

What do temperamental influences of babies show?

A

There is a biologically based predisposition towards a particular affective orientations and behavioural reactions.

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10
Q

What percentage of people are introversion, extraversion or ambiversion?

A

Introversion - 16%
Extraversion - 16%
Ambiversion - 68%

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11
Q

What are the characteristics of introversion?

A

Thoughtful, controlled, avoid social interactions and sudden change.

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of extraversion?

A

Sociable, outgoing, impulsive, sensation seeking, prone to

aggression.

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13
Q

What part of the brain is related to extraversion/introversion?

A

Reticular Activation System (RAS)

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14
Q

What does the reticular activation system (in the brain) do?

A

Arouses the cerebral cortex, which is responsible for higher order processing such as problem solving.

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15
Q

What is the difference in RAS with introverts and extraverts?

A

Introverts - Already has a very stimulated RAS

Extraverts - Has an under-stimulated RAS

16
Q

What is eysenck’ theory of neuroticism?

A

Neuroticism runs on a continuum from stable to extreme. Neurotics have an overly sensitive limbic system allowing them to achieve a state of emotionality more quickly.

17
Q

What is eysenck’s theory of psychoticism?

A

Psychotics are characterized by interpersonal coldness, lack of
empathy, “unemotionality,” hostility and cruelty.

18
Q

What is the possible reason that could contribute to psychoticism? (as seen by eysenck)

A
  • Excessive androgens (testosterone)

- Neurotransmitter deficits

19
Q

What is the relationship between criminality and personality?

A
  • No relationship between extraversion and criminals
  • No relationship between neuroticism and criminals
  • Moderate relationship between psychoticism and criminals
20
Q

What does FAS stand for?

A

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum

21
Q

What is included in the standard diagnoses of FAS?

A
  • History of maternal alcohol consumption
  • Prenatal / Postnatal growth retardation
  • Neurodevelopmental and behavioural characteristics
  • Characteristics of facial features
22
Q

What are the growth retardations of people with FAS?

A

Smaller skulls, organs and fingers / toes.

23
Q

What are the behavioural characteristics of people with FAS?

A

Decrease in reasoning skills, impulsivity, cognition, etc.

24
Q

What are the facial characteristics in people with FAS?

A

Large ears, flat face.

25
Q

What are the primary disabilities of people with FASD?

A
  • Disabilities arising from organic brain damage
  • Microcephaly
  • Fine-motor problems
  • Visual-spatial problems
  • “borderline” intellectual ability
  • behavioural and cognitive disinhibition
26
Q

What are the secondary disabilities of FASD?

A
  • Disabilities that arise due to vulnerabilities of the primary
    disabilities.
  • Mental health problems, academic difficulties, legal issues,
    inappropriate sexual behaviour, alcohol and drug uses, dependent
    living
  • Their naiveté leaves them open to be abused by predatory
    offenders. (on the street or while incarcerated.)
  • “System charges” because they cant remember to appear in court
    or abide by conditions of release. (poor organizational skills.)

Criminal Psychology (17 decks)

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