MTC 6.5 - How popular were Mary's Religious policies Flashcards
What did Parliament refuse to repeal in October 1553?
The Act of Supremacy
What act did Parliament pass in October 1553?
An Act of Repeal
What did the Act of Repeal undo and what did it restore England to?
- Undid the changes made under Edward
- Restored the religious situation to that of 1547 under the Six Articles
What did Mary give up by the end of 1553?
Her title as supreme head of the Church
What did Mary use her royal prerogative to suspend?
The Second Act of Uniformity
What did Mary do to which there was no serious opposition?
Restored mass
What happened which is an example that not all people were happy with Mary’s religious policies?
Wyatt’s Rebellion in January 1554
What two things might suggest that Wyatt’s Rebellion was not due to Mary’s religious policies?
- Took place before serious religious changes
- Before the persecution of Protestants
What started to happen in the early months of 1554?
Protestant began to leave England for Germany and Switzerland
How many Protestants fled to Germany and Switzerland?
800
What was introduced in Spring 1554?
Royal Injunctions
What did the Royal Injunctions restore?
Traditional Catholic practices such as Holy Days, processions and ceremonies
Who lost their jobs as a result of the Royal Injunctions?
Married clergy
What did Parliament reject the re-introduction of in April 1554?
Heresy laws
What did Parliament want promises over before agreeing to heresy laws?
Promises that former monastic lands would not be restored to the Church
When was the Second Act of Repeal passed?
November 1554
What was repealed in the Second Act of Repeal?
All religious legislation approved since 1529
What did the Second Act of Repeal protect?
Property rights of those who had bought church land since 1536
What did the protection of former monasteries from being returned to the Church prevent?
A full scale restoration of Catholicism
When was the first Marian burning?
4th February 1555
What allowed for the Marian burnings?
The reintroduction of heresy laws
How many people went to the stake during Mary’s reign?
Nearly 300
How many women were burnt?
51
Where were most of the Marian burnings?
London, Canterbury and Colchester
What book by what author gives historians lots of knowledge about the Marian burnings?
John Foxe’s ‘Acts and Monuments’ (also known as ‘Book of Martyrs’)
What have John Foxe’s writings been used to suggest?
That there was considerable opposition to the regime and it ultimately turned England Protestant
What two Bishops were burnt at Oxford in October 1555?
Bishops Ridley and Latimer
When was Bishop Cranmer burnt?
March 1556
What were Mary’s reasons for having Cranmer burnt?
He ended her mother’s marriage to Henry and supported Lady Jane Grey
When did Bishop Gardiner die?
November 1555
How many executions were there in the last 3 years of Mary’s reign and after Gardiner had died?
274 executions - Gardiner was a restraining influence on Mary
What did Mary believe it was her duty to do?
Remove heresy
What was sold at the burnings?
Kent cherry-growers sold cherries
What was very helpful for Mary in the burnings?
Local authorities reported people and enforced the law
What are some of the reasons why most of the burnings took place in the South-East?
- London was a Protestant area
- Authorities more concerned about the dangers and put increased pressure on the local authorities to act
Who were JPs?
Unpaid officials (Justices of the Peace) - enforced the law
What did historian Christopher Haigh say about the impact of the Marian burnings in his book ‘English Reformations’ 1993?
‘the persecution of Protestants was not a success; nor was it a disaster. If it did not help the Catholic cause, it did not do much harm’
How many burnings were there in 1556, 1557 and 1558 respectively?
1556 - 87
1557 - 89
1558 - 40
