Elizabeth Later Years 1588-1603 Flashcards
DEFENSE OF THE ROYAL PREROGATIVE
DEFENSE OF THE ROYAL PREROGATIVE
What were the new generations of Parliamentarians unhappy about?
Elizabeth’s privileges
What 2 things caused friction for QE?
Her use of purveyance and monopolies
In what Parliament did they ask for the remedy of grievances over purveyance?
1593
What was QE’s response to her being questioned over her use of purveyance?
She said they were infringing on her royal prerogative - issue couldn’t be debated
What pamphlet did Northampton MP Peter Wentworth write?
‘A Pithy Exhortation to Her Majesty for Establishing Her Successor’
What did Peter Wentworth urge QE to do in his pamphlet?
To allow Parliament to examine claimants to the succession and decide what was best
What did Peter Wentworth say about QE not leaving a successor?
That she will leave ‘a name of infamy throughout the world’ is she left the succession undecided
When was Peter Wentworth first imprisoned?
1591
When did monopolies become a real focus in Parliament?
1597
Why did QE grant monopolies to her servants?
War meant QE could no longer reward servants with grants or pensions
What MP said monopolies were being abused?
Robert Wingfield
What did QE agree to in regards to monopolies in the 1597 Parliament?
That monopolies that caused rising prices on basic goods should be cancelled
Who drew up a list of monopolies and told Robert Cecil that they should be cancelled?
Lord Buckhurst, the Lord Treasurer
What were monopoly holders referred to as in the 1601 Parliament?
‘Bloodsuckers’
What was thrust into QE’s hand in the 1601 Parliament?
A petition to end monopolies
What MP supported the method of petition to end monopolies?
Francis Bacon
What was the other method considered by MPs to end monopolies?
A bill to end monopolies
What monopolies did QE end in 1601?
Pilchards and coal tar
What speech did QE give which ended the issue of monopolies until after the reign?
The Golden Speech
RELATIONSHIP WITH PARLIAMENT AFTER 1588
RELATIONSHIP WITH PARLIAMENT AFTER 1588
How many Parliaments were called from 1588 to 1603?
4
What did the Exchequer agree to in 1589?
That 2 Four Tenths and Fifteenths should be levied - £480,000
How much did the war with Spain cost from 1585 to 1589?
£1 million
What did Parliament agree to in 1593?
A double subsidy and four tenths and fifteenths
What did Robert Cecil claim the deficit was in the 1601 Parliament?
£140,000
How much did Robert Cecil argue was needed in a grant at the 1601 Parliament?
£300,000
What did government put forward in the 1593 Parliament?
Measures aimed at Roman Catholics and Puritan dissenters
What were Roman Catholics ordered to do?
Stay within 5 miles of their home
Who led the resistance to harsher laws on Purtians?
Walter Raleigh
WAR WITH SPAIN
WAR WITH SPAIN
What were 2 ways England prepared for war with Spain?
- Beacons set up on hills to be lit if a fleet invaded
- Coastal towns ordered to provide further shipping
Why were there complaints about coastal towns being ordered to provide further shipping?
The subsidy had just been collected and they already had to pay out supplies for the militia
How many men assembled at Tilbury under the Earl of Leicester?
12,500 men
When was the Spanish Armada?
8th August 1588
What did QE say to troops at Tilbury the day after the Spanish Armada had been defeated?
‘I know I have the body of a weak and feeble woman, but I have the heart and stomach of a King’
How much did QE have to borrow from her wealthy subjects in 1588?
£75,000
What was the interest rate on the £56,000 loan QE took from the City of London in 1588?
10%
What caused more death in the war with Spain than the fighting?
QE could not pay her sailors > Conditions worsened and disease spread
Whose death in September 1588 crushed QE?
Robert Dudley, the Earl of Leicester
How many men did QE send to France in 1590?
4000 men
How many men did QE send to France in 1591?
6000 men
What did QE call Henry IV of France?
‘The most ungrateful king that liveth’
What did QE give Henry IV of France as a gift in 1589?
£20,000
What leading Councillor died in 1590?
Walsingham
What leading Councillor died in 1591?
Hatton
Who did the Earl of Essex have a rivalry with in the 1590s?
Robert Cecil
Why was the Earl of Essex a national hero?
He was successful in Cadiz in 1596
Why were QE’s councillors in her later years a problem?
They were not of the same calibre as their fathers
How many men died in the war with Spain?
105,000
How many men died in the war with Spain before 1594?
50,000
When did Philip II die?
1598
Who was promised the position of Archbishop of Canterbury by Philip of Spain were victorious?
Cardinal William Allen
What did Cardinal William Allen write to convince the English to join the Spanish army?
‘Admonition to the People and Nobility’ - 1588
Who did the Earl of Northumberland (Catholic) say would take the throne after QE’s death?
James, son of MQoS
What Catholic sympathiser at court favoured Infanta Isabella’s claim to the throne?
Lord Buckhurst
SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC PROBLEMS
SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC PROBLEMS
In what years were there a disastrous run of harvests?
1594 to 1598
In what famous piece of literature were the bad harvests mentioned?
Shakespeare’s ‘Midsummer Night’s Dream’
How much larger was the population in the 1590s than it had been 50 years earlier?
1 million
In what 2 years was every town affected by plague deaths?
1596 and 1597
In 1598, what % of people in Kent could not support themselves?
12%
How much did the death rate increase in 1595-97?
50%
How many vagabonds were punished in 1598?
67
How many vagabonds were usually punished in a year?
12
How many vagabonds were punished in the London Bridewell in 1600-01?
555
How many vagabonds were punished in the London Bridewell in 1578-79?
209
What did the Privy Council forbid in an attempt to ease social problems?
The export of grain
How much higher were food prices in 1596 than they usually were?
100% higher
What was cancelled in 1593 due to food riots?
The Goose Fair
LATER YEARS UNREST
LATER YEARS UNREST
When was the government forced to abandon its attempt to collect ship money?
1596
Where was there a mutiny in 1602?
Gloucester
What caused the mutiny in Gloucester in 1602?
The army refused to pay for uniforms
When was the Oxfordshire Rising?
November 1596
How many participated in the Oxfordshire Rising?
5
What were some of the professions of the men in the Oxfordshire Rising?
Mason, carpenter, miller
What was the plan of the Oxfordshire rising?
- Throw down on local enclosures
- Attack Norris’ headquarters and seize guns
- March on London
How many men actually rose up in the Oxfordshire rising?
1
What did the government charge the 5 ring leaders of the Oxfordshire rising with?
Treason - under the Treason Act 1571
How many of the men in the Oxfordshire rising were executed?
2
What happened to the men in the Oxfordshire rising who were not executed?
They were imprisoned
What was the main reason for the Oxfordshire Rising?
Economic problems
What did Parliament pass in 1591 to reverse enclosure?
The Tillage Act 1591
When was Tyrone’s Rebellion?
1598 to 1603
Who led Tyrone’s Rebellion?
Hugh O’Neill, the Earl of Tyrone
How much did England spend fighting in Ireland?
£2 million
What battle did England lose in 1598?
The Battle of Yellow Ford
How many died in the Battle of Yellow Ford?
1500
When did the Earl of Tyrone swear allegiance to Philip?
1596
How many men was Essex sent to Ireland with?
16,000
How many men did Essex take with him to face Tyrone?
4000
What did Essex do when in Ireland?
Essex negotiated a peace treaty without QE’s permission
How much did it cost to send Essex and his troops to Ireland?
£280,000
Who replaced Essex in leading the army in Ireland?
Lord Mountjoy
Where did Spanish troops land in 1601?
Kinsale
When did Spanish troops in Ireland surrender?
1602
What did Essex join in 1589 against QE’s direct orders?
The expedition to Lisbon
What weakened the Earl of Essex’s position?
His rivalry with Cecil
What was Cecil appointed in 1596 whilst Essex was on an expedition to Cadiz?
Principal Secretary
What did Essex do after QE slapped him during a discussion on who should be sent to Ireland?
He went to draw his sword
What did Essex do which led to him being placed under house arrest?
He came back from Ireland without QE’s permission
Where did Essex have widespread support?
The City of London
Why was Essex criticised in his return to England?
He failed to battle Tyrone
Why did QE replace Essex with Lord Mountjoy?
It removed an Essex ally
What did Essex try to persuade Lord Mountjoy to do?
Return from Ireland with an army to support him
How did QE punish Essex for returning to England without permission?
She refused to renew his patent on sweet wines
Who did Essex approach, suggesting that Cecil would place the Spanish Infanta on the throne when QE died?
James VI in Scotland
What play did Essex commission, sending a message?
Richard II (Shakespeare)
How many were executed for the Essex rebellion?
6 including Essex
When was Essex executed?
25th February 1601
DECLINE IN POPULARITY
DECLINE IN POPULARITY
What was a complaint from Labourers in the 1590s?
‘We shall never have a merry world while the queen liveth’
What were some people heard wishing during the economic crisis of the 1590s?
Heard wishing the queen dead
What was QE described as in 1601?
‘Old and ill’
How many children was QE rumoured to have in the 1590s?
3, all with different men
How many teeth had QE lost?
Several on one side of the mouth
Why was QE mocked?
For wearing a bright red wig
What did QE’s last parliament in 1601 end with?
A flurry praise of her graciousness
