Elizabeth and Religion Flashcards
What were the 4 factors in finalising Elizabeth’s religious settlement?
- Her own religious aims
- Foreign affairs
- Protestants and Catholics
- Finances
What 2 acts made up the Religious Settlement?
Act of Supremacy and Act of Uniformity
What did Elizabeth use throughout her reign?
An English bible
What did the 1559 Act of Uniformity restore?
The 1552 Second Book of Common Prayer
What Catholic element liked by QE was kept?
Music in Church services
Why did QE walk out of Xmas mass in 1558?
The officiating bishop raised the host against her wishes - transubstantiation
What Protestant tradition hated by QE was kept?
Clerical marriage
What religious situation did the Settlement create?
A via media
What did England lose on the 7th January 1558?
Calais
How did QE believe England could regain Calais?
By England not becoming too Protestant
What was signed in April 1559?
The Treaty of Cateau Cambresis
What was agreed in the Treaty of Cateau Cambresis?
That Calais would be returned to England after 8 years if they did nothing to forfeit it by then
Who returned to England as soon as Mary died?
Marian exiles
How did bishops appointed by Mary halt QE’s settlement?
They were able to defeat her first proposals in the Lords
What did QE repeal, satisfying Protestants?
Heresy laws
What did QE dissolve, satisfying Protestants?
Monasteries
What book was reintroduced, satisfying Protesants?
The 1552 2nd Book of Common Prayer
How did the Act of Supremacy after QE’s title?
She became Supreme Governor, not Supreme Head
Why was the Act of Supremacy not passed first time?
All 17 bishops in the Lords voted against it
What 2 bishops did QE send to the tower after the Act of Supremacy was initially rejected?
Bishops of Lincoln and Winchester
What was the result of the 2nd vote on the Act of Supremacy?
21-18 in favour
What was omitted from the Prayer Book, satisfying Catholics?
The Black Rubric
Whose threat was reduced after QE created a via media?
Mary Queen of Scots
What was included in the Settlement which kept Catholic traditions?
Royal Injunctions
What taxes were to paid to QE according to the Settlement?
First Fruits and Tenths
What see was left empty for 41 of 45 years?
Oxford
Who was QE’s first Archbishop of Canterbury from 1559 to 1575?
Matthew Parker
Who was QE’s 2nd Archbishop of Canterbury from 1775-83?
Edmund Grindal
Who was QE’s 3rd Archbishop of Canterbury from 1583 to 1604?
John Whitgift
Who was Matthew Parker chaplain to?
Anne Boleyn - QE’s mother
Why was Matthew Parker untainted with Genevan ideas?
He was not a marian exile
What did Matthew Parker oversee the passage of?
The 39 Articles
What were the 39 Articles?
When were the 39 Articles finalised?
Doctrines and practices of the Church of England
1571
What did Matthew Parker resist the demands of?
To make the 39 Articles more Protestant
What did Matthew Parker issue as a compromise in the Vestments Controversy?
Advertisements
Who had Edmund Grindal been chaplain to?
Nicholas Ridley - Marian burning
What had Edmund Grindal done during Mary’s reign?
Fled England
What book did Edmund Grindal work on?
Foxe’s Book of Martyrs
What did Edmund Grindal do in 1576?
Refused to ban prophesyings
What was Edmund Grindal’s punishment for refusing to ban prophesyings?
He was suspended and placed under house arrest for 6 months
What did John Whitgift use to ensure conformity?
The Court of High Commission
What did John Whitgift introduce, which 400 clergy refused to swear on?
3 Articles - 1583
What did John Whitgift clamp down on?
The Martin Marprelates
Why did John Whitgift remove Cartwright from his professorship?
Cartwright had given a series of lectures attacking the Elizabethan Church
What did QE refer to John Whitgift as?
Her ‘little black husband’
CATHOLIC THREAT
CATHOLIC THREAT
What are the 4 factors in a question on the Catholic threat?
- Mary Queen of Scots
- Catholic plots
- The Pope
- Jesuits and Douai priests
When did Mary Queen of Scots arrive in England?
May 1568 on the Cumbrian coast
What 3 things meant MQoS threatened QE?
- Catholic
- Had an heir
- Had a legitimate claim to the throne
Who promoted Mary’s claim to rule?
France
Whose death in December 1560 meant that MQoS was no longer Queen of France?
Francis II
Why did Mary refuse to ratify the Treaty of Edinburgh?
It would have forced her to give up her claim to the English throne
What rebellion happened in 1569 which attempted to put Mary on the throne?
The Northern Rebellion/Northern Rising
Why was the Northern Rebellion not a big threat?
Mary was instantly moved south
What years did Parliament pressure QE to execute Mary?
1568, 1572 and 1587
What 1586 plot led to the execution of Mary?
Babington Plot
When was Mary executed?
8th February 1587
What Catholic plot was there in 1571 which attempted to put Mary on the throne?
Ridolfi Plot 1571
Who did Florentine Banker Ridolfi work with to put Mary on the throne?
Spanish Ambassador Don Guerau de Spes
What act was introduced after the Ridolfi Plot?
The Treason Act
Who plotted in 1583 to kill QE and replace her with Mary?
Francis Throckmorton
Who did Francis Throckmorton work with to kill QE?
Spanish Ambassador Don Bernardino de Mendoza
What Dutch Protestant leader was assassinated by a Catholic in 1584?
William of Orange
What did Parliament set up in 1584 which meant that anyone linked to plots against QE could be executed?
Bond of Association
What was the aim of the Babington Plot?
To kill QE and make England Catholic with the help of Spanish troops from the Netherlands
What did Pope Pius issue in 1570?
The Papal Bull
What did the Papal Bull do?
It excommunicated QE and said Catholics did not have to recognise her as queen or obey her laws
What 1571 act made it illegal to have a copy of the Papal Bull?
1571 Treason Act
Who was executed in 1571 for having a copy of the Papal Bull?
John Felton
What did Pope Gregory XIII state in 1580?
That anyone attempting to assassinate QE would gain merit
Who set up a seminary in Douai to train English Catholics as priests?
William Allen
When did Douai priests start to arrive in England?
1574
Who was the 1st Douai priest executed for treason?
Cuthbert Mayne 1577
How many Douai priests arrived in England in total?
279
How many Douai priests were executed under the Treason Act?
27
What were Jesuits?
A Spanish order of priests set up to fight Protestantism
How many Jesuits arrived in England?
600
How many Jesuits were executed?
133
How many Jesuits were imprisoned?
300
How many Jesuits died in prison?
100
PROTESTANT THREAT
PROTESTANT THREAT
What are the 4 factors in a 20 mark question about the threat of Puritanism?
- Puritans in Parliament
- Puritans in the Church
- Puritan pamphlets
- Separatists
What were puritans?
People who wanted changes to the Settlement
When was the term puritan first used?
1565
When did Walter Strickland propose minor religious reforms in Parliament?
April 1571
What were some of the reforms proposed by Walter Strickland?
Banning weddings rings and other superstitious traditions
What was Walter Strickland’s punishment?
He was barred from Parliament - allowed back after popular protest
Who proposed major religious reforms in Parliament in 1586?
Anthony Cope
What were some of Anthony Cope’s proposals?
Banning bishops and using the Genevan Prayer Book
What happened after Cope’s proposals?
Cope and 4 others were sent to the tower
What were separatists?
Puritans unwilling to compromise or participate in the Elizabethan Church
What 2 Cambridge graduates set up a separatist church in Norwich in 1580?
Robert Browne and Robert Harrison
Where did Robert Brown and Robert Harrison go in 1582 after being imprisoned for setting up a separatist church in Norwich?
Holland
What 2 people set up a separatist church in London?
Henry Barrow and John Greenwood
What were Henry Barrow and John Greenwood executed for in 1593?
Sedition
What Puritan Pamphlet was published by John Field and Thomas Wilcox in June 1572?
The Admonition to Parliament
How long did John Field and Thomas Wilcox spend in Newgate prison for writing the Admonition to Parliament?
1 year
What did John Field and Thomas Wilcox propose in the Admonition to Parliament?
The Genevan Hierarchy replacing the current hierarchy in the Church
When were the Martin Marprelates?
1580s
Why did the Martin Marprelates turn many people against Puritanism?
They used extreme language such as calling bishops dumb dogs
Why was Thomas Sampson deprived of his position as the Dean of Christ Church Oxford in May 1565?
He refused to wear the surplice
How many London preachers were sacked in the Vestments Controversy?
37
By how many votes was the 1563 convocation defeated by, which would have made the Church more puritan?
1 vote
What two marian exiles were made the Bishops of Salisbury and London respectively?
John Jewel Bishop of Salisbury
Edmund Grindal Bishop of London
