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Y Anatomy IV > MT 1 Questions (Dustin) > Flashcards

MT 1 Questions (Dustin) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the borders of the epiploic foramen?

A
  • Superior: caudate lobe of the liver
  • Inferior: Duodenorenal ligament
  • Anterior: hepatoduodenal ligament (containing portal triad)
  • Posterior: Hepatorenal ligament + IVC
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2
Q

At what vertebral level is the thymus?

A

Th2

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3
Q

At what vertebral level is the aortic arch

A

Th3

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4
Q

At what vertebral level is the tracheal bifurcation?

A

Th4

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5
Q

At what vertebral level is the caval opening of the diaphragm?

What important nerve travels with the vena cava through this opening?

A

Th8

(trick: “vena cava” = 8 letters)

Travels with the right phrenic nerve

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6
Q

At what vertebral level is the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm?

What nerve does the esophagus travel with?

A

Th 10

Travels with the vagus nerve

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7
Q

At what vertebral level is the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm?

What important structure does the aorta travel with?

A

Th12

(aortic hiatus = 12 letters)

Travels with the thoracic duct

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8
Q

What is the significance of the epiploic foramen?

What is the person’s name associated with?

A

Communication between the greater and lesser sac (omental bursa)

AKA foramen of Winslow

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9
Q

What makes up the lesser omentum?

A

The hepatogastric ligament and hepatoduodenal ligament

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10
Q

What is the deepest point of the peritoneal cavity in a person that is laying down?

A

Hepatorenal recess, aka Morison’s pouch

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11
Q

What is the deepest point of the peritoneal cavity in a standing person?

A

Rectouterine pouch (females) aka Douglas pouch

Or rectovesicular pouch in males

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12
Q

Where is McBurney’s point, and what’s the significance?

A

1/3 the distance between the right anterior superior iliac spine and umbilicus (closer to the ASIS)

Indicates a probable location of the appendix (it could be in a few other areas)

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13
Q

Where is Lanz’s Point

What is its significance?

A

Along the interspinal line (between the two anterior superior iliac spines), 2/3 of the way closer to the right ASIS

Indicates to origin of the vermiform appendix

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14
Q

Where is Murphy’s Point and what is its significance?

A

Just below the right costal margin at the midclavicular line

This is the projection point of the gall bladder

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15
Q

Where is the point of Desjardins? What is its significance?

A

On a line between the umbilicus and the right axilla, this is about 5-7cm above the umbilicus

Indicates the point of the Vater Papilla

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16
Q

Where is the Labbe triangle? What is its significance?

A

area bounded below by a horizontal line touching the lower edge of the cartilage of the left ninth rib,

laterally by the line of the false ribs,

and to the right side by the liver;

here the stomach is in contact with the abdominal wall

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17
Q

Where is Traube’s space? What is its significance?

A

Between the left sixth rib superiorly, the left anterior axillary line laterally, and the left costal margin inferiorly

(Semilunar-shaped)

This is the projection of part of the stomach which contains air bubbles, which makes it hyperresonant on percussion unless there is some problem

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18
Q

What is the vertebral level of the transpyloric line?

A

L1

(Madarasz would say it’s between L1 and L2 but the books just say L1)

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19
Q

What is the vertebral level of the supracristal line?

A

L4

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20
Q

What is the vertebral level of the subcostal line?

A

L2/L3

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21
Q

What is the person’s name that is used to describe the posterior renal fascia?

And the anterior renal fascia?

What is the renal fascia called where they unite on the lateral side?

A

Posterior = Zuckerkandl’s Fascia

Anterior = Gerota’s Fascia

Lateral = Lateroconal Fascia

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22
Q

What structures make up the T of Sappey?

A

The pericardial reflections of the IVC, SVC, and right and left pulmonary veins

Basically all the large veins draining into the heart

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23
Q

What is the vertebral level of the celiac trunk?

What are first 3 immediate branches?

A

Th12

Common hepatic artery

Splenic artery

Left Gastric artery

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24
Q

What is the vertebral level of the superior mesenteric artery?

A

L1

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25
Q

What is the vertebral level of the inferior mesenteric artery?

A

L3

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26
Q

What is the vertebral level of the aortic bifurcation to the common iliac arteries?

A

L4/L5

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27
Q

What are the 3 parts of the subclavian artery?

A
  1. Thoracic
  2. Muscular (refering to the scalenus anterior/medius that it passes between)
  3. Cervical
28
Q

From ventral to dorsal, what is the order of contents of the supracardiac mediastinum (part of the anterior mediastinum)?

A
  1. Retrosternal fat with remant of thymus
  2. Superior vena cava and the 2 brachiocephalic veins
  3. Aortic arch and its branches
  4. Trachea and its bifurcation, principial bronchi
29
Q

The ureter passes _____ the gonadal artery, _____ the vas deferens or uterine artery, and _____ the internal iliac artery

A

The ureter passes behind the gonadal artery, behind the vas deferens or uterine artery, and in front of the internal iliac artery

30
Q

What nerves innervate:

  • The light blue region (labeled V)
  • The light green region (labeled VI)
  • The pink region (labeled VIII)
  • The purple region labeled IX
A
  • The light blue region (labeled V) -> anterior cutaneous intercostal nerves
  • The light green region (labeled VI) -> lateral cutaneous intercostal nerves
  • The pink region (labeled VIII) -> iliohypogastric nerve
  • The purple region labeled IX -> ilioinguinal nerve
31
Q

Describe the peritoneal relations of the duodenum’s different parts.

A
  1. Superior Horizontal - intraperitoneal (AKA duod. bulb)
  2. Descending - retroperitoneal
  3. Inferior Horizontal - retroperitoneal
  4. Ascending - retroperitoneal
  5. Duodenojejunal Flexure - intraperitoneal again
32
Q

What are the entrances for digestive juices into the duodenum?

Which ducts empty into them?

A
  • Major Duodenal Papilla (Vater’s)
    • ​Common Bile Duct
    • Main Pancreatic Duct (Wirsung’s)
    • guarded by Sphincter of Oddi
  • Minor Duodenal Papilla (Schner or Santorini’s)
    • Accessory Pancreatic Duct (Santorini’s)
33
Q

What is the main artery supplying the superficial palmar arch? What is the main one for the deep palmar arch?

A

Superficial palmar arch is primarily from the ulnar artery, deep palmar arch is primarily from the radial artery

(Radial starts deeper, while ulnar starts more superficial after it passes through Guyon’s canal)

34
Q

What nerve provides sensory innervation for most of the palmar hand, except for the medial side with the digiti minimi and 1/2 of anularis?

A

Median nerve

(also innervates fingernails of that same part of the hand on the dorsal side)

The rest is by the ulnar nerve, but note the regions from radial as well

35
Q

How many interosseus muscles of the hand are there on the palmar vs dorsal side?

What nerve innervates them?

A

Palmar: 3 (because 4th would be adductor pollicis)

Dorsal: 4

Ulnar nerve (deep branch)

36
Q

What is the difference between the right and left bronchus angle?

A

Right bronchus goes down more steeply/ vertically, left bronchus is more angled/ horizontal

37
Q

Which lung has its artery in epibronchial position?

Which one has its bronchus in epiarterial position?

A

Left lung has artery in epibronchial position (artery above bronchus)

Right lung has bronchus in epiarterial position (bronchus above artery)

38
Q

What is the bifurcation point of the trachea called on the inferior point of it?

A

Carina

39
Q

What are the 4 parts of the parietal pleura of the lungs?

A
  • Costal part
  • Mediastinal part
  • Diaphragmatic part
  • Cervical pleura (forms the pleural cupula when it exceeds the level of the superior thoracic aperture. Covered by the scalenus tent)
40
Q

What are the 3 pleural recesses?

A
  1. Costodiaphragmatic (lowest point)
  2. Costomediastinal
  3. Phrenicomediastinal
41
Q

Which lung has 3 lobes instead of 2? What is the additional fissure on it as a result?

A

Right lung has 3 lobes

Right lung has horizontal fissure that the left lung doesnt have

(Also, the left lobe has the lingula)

42
Q

What is the difference between the direction of the external and internal intercostal muscles?

A

External intercostals face medially and downward (“hands in pocket”)

Internal intercostals face medially and upwards (perpendicular from the position of the ext intercostals)

43
Q

What are the numbers of lobar and segmental bronchi on the right vs left lung?

A
  • Right: 3 lobar, 10 segmental
  • Left: 2 lobar, 8 segmental
44
Q

The right lung is composed of how many segments?

And the left lung?

A

Right lung = 10 segments

(lobe divisions: 3 Superior, 2 Middle, 5 Inferior)

Left Lung = 9 segments

(Superior lobe: Sup division 2, Inf division 3. Inferior lobe: 4)

(segment 7 is missing)

45
Q

What are the surfaces of the heart?

5 things

A
  1. Sternocostal (basically just anterior)
  2. Diaphragmatic (inferior)
  3. Posterior (mediastinal)
  4. Left Pulmonary
  5. Right Pulmonary
46
Q

How is the heart rotated into its anatomical position?

A

60º to the left in the sagittal axis, 30º up in the transverse axis and
15º to the left around the heart axis.

(heart axis is a line btwn the apex of the heart and the middle of the spine of the right scapula)

47
Q

What are the projections of the heart?

(basically the edges based on rib locations)

A
  • Right superior: 3rd rib, parasternally
  • Left superior: 3rd rib, 3 cm to the left of sternum
  • Right inferior: 6th sternocostal joint, 1 cm the right of the sternum
  • Left inferior: 5th intercostal space, 9 cm to the left of midline
48
Q

What is the main arterial supply of the pericardium?

A

The pericardiophrenic artery (branch of the internal thoracic)

49
Q

How many fila coronaria come from the right fibrous trigone of the heart?

How many from the left?

A

Right: 3

Left: 1

50
Q

What are the heart auscultation points?

A
  • Pulmonary trunk: 2nd IC space, left parasternal
  • Aortic: 2nd IC space, right parasternal
  • Mitral valve: 5th IC space, left midclavicular line
  • Tricuspid: 5th IC space, parasternally (have seen either right or left)
  • Erb’s point: 3rd IC space, left parasternally
51
Q

What are the borders of the triangle of Koch?

A
  1. Tricuspid valve
  2. Tendon of todaro
  3. Opening of coronary sinus (Thebesian valve)
52
Q

Right before the thoracic duct drains into the left venous angle, what 3 other lymphatic trunks drain into it?

A
  1. Left jugular trunk
  2. Left subclavian trunk
  3. Left bronchomediastinal trunk

(3 trunks named the same way for the right side similarly drain into the right lymphatic duct)

53
Q

What is the sentinel lymph node for the breast? Which part does it normally get its drainage from?

Where does it drain to after this point?

A

Sorgius Lymph Node - gets drainage from the upper lateral quadrant

(where majority of breast cancers originate)

After that it goes to the axillary lymph nodes

54
Q

What is the order of lymphatic drainage of the lungs?

A
  1. Intrapulmonary lymph nodes
  2. -> bronchopulmonary lymph nodes
  3. -> tracheobronchiolar lymph nodes
  4. -> paratracheal lymph nodes
  5. -> bronchomediastinal trunk

(-> right lymphatic duct or thoracic duct, depending on side)

55
Q

What are the sentinel lymph nodes for the stomach?

A

Virchow Lymph Nodes

the left supraclavicular lymph nodes, which receive some drainage from the left gastric lymph nodes (bypasses the cysterna chyli) and may indicate stomach cancer

56
Q

Which lymph nodes in the stomach may spread cancer to the pancreas?

A

Pancreaticolineal lymph nodes, drain to the pancreas before they drain to cysterna chyli

57
Q

What are the 4 major lymph nodes of the stomach?

(according to Agota anyway, have seen other nomenclature)

A
  1. Left gastric lymph nodes
  2. Pancreaticolineal lymph nodes
  3. Right gastric lymph nodes
  4. Pyloric lymph nodes
58
Q

What is the ligament in the hip joint that is the strongest ligament in the body?

A

The iliofemoral ligament (Bigelow)

Important constraint for the hip joint (compared to shoulder joint, the hip has high stability and limited mobility)

59
Q

What type of joint is the knee joint?

A

Trochoginglymus, but compared to the elbow it is mostly a hinge joint (ginglymus)

60
Q

What type of joint is the talocalcaneonavicular joint?

A

Technically ball and socket

Functions as a pivot due to the restriction of ligaments

61
Q

What type of joints are the metatarsophalangeal joints?

A

Condyloid/ ellipsoid

62
Q

What are the borders of the femoral triangle?

A
  • Lateral: the medial border of sartorius
  • Medial: medial border of adductor longus (so the muscle is inside of the triangle)
  • Superior: inguinal ligament
  • Roof: fascia lata
  • Floor: adductor longus, pectineus, iliopsoas
63
Q

What are the borders of the femoral canal?

A
  • anterosuperiorly: the inguinal ligament
  • posteriorly: pectineal ligament
  • medially: lacunar ligament
  • laterally: femoral vein
64
Q

What are the borders of the adductor canal?

A
  • Roof and laterally: Sartorius muscle (upper 1/2), and Vasto-adductor membrane (fascia) (lower 1/2)
  • Floor and Medially: Adductor Magnus, Adductor Longus
  • Outlet: Adductor Hiatus
  • Inlet: Femoral Triangle
65
Q

What vein and nerve travel around the medial side of the leg more superficially?

A

Great saphenous vein and saphenous nerve

66
Q

What nerve provides skin innervation of the space between the big toe and second toe?

And the rest of the foot?

A

Deep peroneal nerve

(Rest of the foot is in the image)

Y Anatomy IV (18 decks)

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