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Y Anatomy IV > Midterm I: Ventral Lower Limb Regions (Ben) > Flashcards

Midterm I: Ventral Lower Limb Regions (Ben) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the borders of the subinguinal region?

A

Superior: Inguinal (Poupart’s) Ligament

Inferior: Transverse line drawn on gluteal sulcus

Lateral: Vertical line thru ASIS

Medial: Medial edge of thigh

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2
Q

What innervates the skin of the subinguinal region?

3 nerves

A
  1. Anterior Femoral Cutaneous N. (<– femoral n.)
  2. Lateral Femoral Cutaneous N. (<– lumbar plexus, skin under ASIS)
  3. Femoral branch, Genitofemoral N.

ALF

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3
Q

What are the 3 parts of the subinguinal hiatus and their contents?

A
  1. Lacuna Musculonervosa
    • Iliopsoas
    • Femoral Nerve
    • Lateral Femoral Cutaneous N.
  2. Lacuna Vasorum
    • ​​Femoral Artery + Vein (in femoral sheath)
    • Femoral Branch, Genitofemoral N.
  3. Lacuna Lymphatica
    • Lacunar Ligament
    • Rosenmuller’s Lymph Node
    • Femoral Ring (–> femoral canal)
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4
Q

What separates the lacunae musculonervosa + vasorum from each other in the subinguinal hiatus?

A

Iliopectineal Arch

  • thickened band of iliac + psoas fascia from posterior inguinal ligament to iliopubic eminence of hip bone
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5
Q

What is the CT structure surrounding the contents of the lacuna vasorum called?

What is it made up of?

A

Femoral Sheath

  • composed of psoas + transversalis fascia
  • blends with adventitia of vessels
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6
Q

What important area in the medial subinguinal region is commonly a site of hernia?

What are its borders/walls?

A

Femoral Canal

  • the femoral ring (medial to femoral vein, lateral to lacunar ligament) leads into it

Walls:

  • Lateral: Femoral Vein
  • Medial/Posterior: Pectineus + Fascia
  • Anterior: Fascia Lata
  • Inlet/Outlet: Femoral Ring to Saphenous Hiatus
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7
Q

What are the borders of the femoral triangle?

(What is the area formed by the “floor” of the triangle?)

A
  • Superior: Inguinal Ligament
  • Medial: Adductor Longus
  • Lateral: Sartorious
  • Floor: Iliopsoas (laterally) + Pectinus (medially)
  • the floor forms the iliopectineal fossa
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8
Q

What are the contents of the femoral triangle/iliopectional fossa?

3 main things, from lateral to medial.

What notable nerve branches off a much larger nerve here?

A
  • Femoral N.
    • gives the Saphenous N. (which enters adductor canal)
  • Femoral Artery
  • Femoral Vein
  • (some deep inguinal lymph nodes)
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9
Q

What are the borders of the anterior femoral region?

A
  • Superior: Level of gluteal groove
  • Inferior: 3 fingers above patella
  • Medial/Lateral: Lines thru medial/lateral femoral condyles
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10
Q

What CT covering of the anterior thigh is associated with a muscle on the lateral side of the leg?

(HINT: the muscle continues downward into a thickened CT structure that extends to the lateral knee)

What is the muscle + the structure it extends to?

A

Fascia Lata - encloses the thigh muscles + is associated with…

Tensor Fascia Latae which blends distally with the Iliotibial Tract

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11
Q

What are the borders of the anterior genicular region?

A
  • Superior: 3 fingers above base of patella
  • Inferior: 3 fingers below apex of patella
  • Lateral: vertical line thru capitulum of fibula
  • Medial: vertical line thru medial epicondyle of femur
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12
Q

What innervates the skin of the anterior genicular region?

4 nerves

A
  1. Anterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve
  2. Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve
  3. Obturator Nerve
  4. Saphenous Nerve
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13
Q

What 3 muscles insert on the pes anserinus superficialis?

And on PA profundus?

A
  1. Sartorius
  2. Gracilis
  3. Semitendinosus
  • semimembranosus on P.A.P.
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14
Q

What are the 3 prepatellar bursae found in the anterior geniculate region?

And the other two bursae associated with the knee?

A
  1. Subcutaneous - btwn skin + fascia
  2. Subfascial - btwn fascia + quadriceps tendon
  3. Subtendinous - btwn quad. tendon + patella
  • Suprapatellar + Infrapatellar Bursae
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15
Q

Describe the arterial supply of the anterior genicular region based on numbers…

9, 11, 24, 27 + 28

…in this picture:

A

The anterior genicular region is supplied by the anastamosing of numerous vessels around the knee…

  • 9/11: Sup/Inf Lateral Genicular Arteries
  • 24: Descending Genicular Artery (from Femoral A., gives saphenous + articular branches)
  • 27/28: Sup/Inf Medial Genicular Arteries

(both superiors = branches of popliteal a.)

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16
Q

What are the borders of the anterior crural region?

A
  • Superior: 3 fingers below apex of patella
  • Inferior: Line between medial/lateral malleoli
  • Lateral: Line btwn lateral epicondyle + malleolus
  • Medial: Line btwn medial epicondyle + malleolus
17
Q

What innervates the skin of the anterior crural region?

3 nerves

A
  1. Lateral sural cutaneous nerve (from common peroneal n., innervates upper lateral part)
  2. Medial crural cutaneous branches (from saphenous n., innervates medial + anterior parts)
  3. Superficial Peroneal Nerve (lower lateral part)
18
Q

What are the anterior muscles of the anterior crural region known as collectively?

What are they (3) ?

A

Extensors

  1. Tibialis Anterior (most medial/anterior)
  2. Extensor Digitorum Longus (more lateral)
  3. Externos Hallucis Longus (deeper, emerges between other 2 in distal part of region)
19
Q

What innervates the extensor muscles in the anterior crural region?

A

Deep Peroneal Nerve

20
Q

What separates the extensor and peroneus compartments of the lower leg?

And extensor/flexor compartments?

From what CT structure are these separations derived?

A

Anterior Intermuscular Septum (btwn extensor/peroneus)

Posterior Intermuscular Septum (btwn extensor/flexor)

Both are continuations of the Crural Fascia that surrounds the lower leg.

21
Q

Describe the course of the nerve innervating the peroneus muscles, including its terminal branches.

A

The superficial peroneal nerve branches off of the common peroneal nerve and then…

… travels between the peroneus longus + brevis, before…

…coursing anteriorly betwen peroneus brevis + extensor digitorum longus, and ending in…

Intermediate and Medial Dorsal Cutaneous Nerves of the foot.

22
Q

What artery supplies the extensor muscles of the anterior crural region?

A

Anterior Tibial Artery

  • running with the deep peroneal nerve between extensor hallucis longus + tibialis anterior, in front of the interosseous membrane
23
Q

What are the borders of the Dorsalis Pedis Region?

A
  • Superior: Line btwn malleoli
  • Inferior: Root of toes
  • Lateral: Line btwn lateral malleolus and root of 5th toe
  • Medial: Line btwn medial malleolus and root of 1st toe
24
Q

What two CT structures stabilize the tendons of the extensor muscles in the anterior crural region and dorsum of the foot?

A

Superior and Inferior Extensor Retinacula

25
Q

What nerves innervate the skin of the dorsum of the foot + toes?

4 nerves

A
  1. Superficial Peroneal N. (most of dorsum)
  2. Deep Peroneal N. (lateral half big toe, medial half 2nd toe)
  3. Lateral Dorsal Cutaneous N. (from sural n., lateral edge)
  4. Medial Plantar N. (tips of toes 1-3, half of toe 4)
26
Q

Describe blood supply of the dorsum of the foot starting from the artery serving in the anterior crural region:

A

The anterior tibial artery continues to the dorsum of the foot as the dorsalis pedis, which gives:

  1. Lateral Tarsal Artery (branching laterally across the tarsals, under the extensor digitorum longus tendons)
  2. Arcuate Artery - arcs laterally across the metatarsals + gives:
    • Dorsal Metatarsal Arteries - each branching into two:
      • Dorsal Digital Arteries
27
Q

What is the muscle indicated in red here?

And the muscle just to the right of it in grey?

A

Red - Extensor Hallucis Brevis

Grey - Extensor Digitorum Brevis

28
Q

What innervates the skin of the inguinal region?

2 nervese

A
  1. Iliohypogastric N.
  2. Ilioinguinal N.
29
Q

What are the borders of the inguinal canal?

A
  • Superior/Roof: Internal Oblique + Transverse Abdominal
  • Anterior: Ext. Oblique Aponeurosis
  • Inferior/Floor: Inguinal Ligament
  • Posterior: Transversalis Fascia + Transverse Abdominal
30
Q

What are the contents of the inguinal canal?

4 things (though only 3 per gender)

A
  1. Spermatic Cord
  2. Round Ligament of Uterus
  3. Genital Branch, Genitofemoral N.
  4. Ilioinguinal N.
31
Q

What are the contents of the spermatic cord?

A
  1. Vas Deferens
  2. Testicular Artery
  3. Pampiniform Plexus
  4. Genital Branch, Genitofemoral N.
  5. Deferential A.
  6. Cremaster Muscle
  7. ​Testicular Plexus (autonomic nerves)
  8. Lymph Vessels (–> lumbar + para-aortic nodes)
32
Q

What are the 4 layers of the spermatic cord?

A
  1. Cremasteric Fascia (<–external oblique aponeurosis)
  2. Cremaster Muscle (<– trans. abdominis + ext. oblique)
  3. Spermatic Fascia (<– transversalis fascia)
  4. Tunica Vaginalis Testis (<– peritoneum)
33
Q

What are the 3 superficial branches of the femoral artery in the subinguinal region?

A
  1. Superficial Epigastric A.
  2. Superficial Circumflex Ilial A.
  3. External Pudendal A.

ECIP

34
Q

What are the borders of the adductor canal?

Entrance + exit?

A
  • Lateral: Vastus Medialis
  • Medial: Adductor Longus + Magnus
  • Roof: Vastoadductor Membrane

Entrance: Femoral Triangle

Exit: Adductor Hiatus (btwn 2 attachment pts of add. magnus)

Y Anatomy IV (18 decks)

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