Midterm II: Mix of Relevant Old Cards Flashcards
So I just slapped this deck together from old cards…
I briefly went over them and deleted the most useless ones… some are probably still not relevant to this midterm… delete whatever you want.
OK
3, 4
3: Median Thyrohyoidal Ligament
4: Lateral Thyrohyoidal Ligament
5
a & b
5: Superior Laryngeal Nerve
a: Internal Branch (laryngeal mucosa above vestibular fold)
b: External Branch (-> cricothyroid muscle)
6
origin and insertion
Cricothyroid Muscle
Origin: anterior surface of the arch of the cricoid
Insertion: either on the wing of the thyroid on inferior horn of the thyroid
8
Cricoid Cartilage
Ring shaped, with the lamina laying posteriorly, on the upper edge of lamina 2 articular surfaces for Arytenoid cartilage. On the lateral surface articular surface for the inferior horn of thyroid cartilage.
Hyaline
5c
Superior Laryngeal Artery
From: superior thyroid artery, (of external carotid artery)
Enters the larynx through the thyrohyoid membrane
Supplies muscles and mucous membranes in the superior portion of the larynx
10
Superior Thyroidal Artery
From the external carotid artery just below the level of the greater horn of the hyoid bone and ends in the thyroid gland.
Distributes to the muscles and to the thyroid gland
Other branches:
- Infrahyoid,
- Superior Laryngeal,
- Sternocleidomastoidal
- Cricothyroid.
12
Isthmus of Thyroid
13
Pyramidal Process of Thyroid
14
Thyroglossal Ligament
remnant of thyroglossal duct
18
Lingual Artery
6
Corniculate Cartilage
7 and 8 (and what type of connection for 8?)
7: Arytenoid Cartilage
8: Cricoarytenoid Joint (Pivot type with 1 vertical axis)
9 (it’s an articulation, what type?)
Cricothyroid joint
Hinge type, 1 transverse axis
(#10 below)
10 (more specifically)
What is special about this?
Posterior Lamina of Cricoid Cartilage
Only complete ring of cartilage in the body
1 and 2
(lateral aspect)
1: Hyoglossus Muscle
(from G wing and body of Hyoid -> lateral inferior tongue)
2: Hyoid Bone (body)
(also 1 and 2 with anterior aspect below)
3, 10, and 5?
3: Epiglottis
10: Ary-Epiglottic Fold
5: Superior Horn of Thyroid Cartilage
4 and 6?
4: Thyrohyoid Membrane
6: Superior Laryngeal Nerve (penetrates the membrane, but does not contribute to the internal laryngeal muscles! its external branch -> Cricothyroid Muscle)
24 and 25?
24: Cuneiform Cartilage/Tubercle (of Wrisberg)
25: Corniculate Cartilage/Tubercle (of Santorini)
Both are cartilages enveloped by the Ary-Epiglottic Fold that appear as tubercles in the mucosa
8, function?
Posterior Cricoarytenoid Muscle
Widens the Rima glottidis (anterior intercartilaginous part). It is the antagonist for lateral cricoarytenoid, and the only muscle that opens.
What are the intrinsic muscles of larynx, and what nerve innervates them?
Muscles:
- Posterior cricoarytenoid
- Lateral cricoarytenoid
- Inter-arytenoid Muscles (Transverse and Oblique Fibers)
- Thyroarytenoid
- Vocalis
- Thyroepiglottic
- Aryepiglottic
*Cricothyroid is technically an external laryngeal muscle but is often lumped with intrinsic muscles
All muscles innervated by Inferior Laryngeal Nerve (from Recurrent/Vagus X) except Cricothyroid (Superior Laryngeal, External Branch, Vagus X)
7, function?
Transverse Arytenoid Fibers (Inter-Arytenoid Muscle)
Narrows Posterior Intercartilaginous Part of Rima Glottidis
Red shaded-area
Function?
Oblique Fibers (Inter-Arytenoid Muscle)
(the fibers crossing each other between the posterior surfaces of the 2 Arytenoid cartilages)
Narrows the posterior intercartilaginous part of Rima Glottidis
22
Function?
Cricothyroid Muscle
Tenses the vocal folds by tilting the thyroid cartilage via the Cricothyroid joint. Controls the rough tension of the voice
Unlike the other muscles, innervated by Superior Laryngeal Nerve
21
Thyrohyoid Muscle
Depresses hyoid/elevates larynx
An extrinsic muscle of larynx
13 (muscle)
Function?
Lateral Cricoartytenoid Muscle
Narrows anterior interligamental part of Rima Glottidis
19
Vocal Ligament (True Vocal Cord)
5 and 6
Function?
5: Thyroarytenoid Muscle
6: Vocalis Muscle
(Not visible in most dissections)
Both of them constrict the Rima glottidis, which shortens and relaxes the vocal folds
26
Function?
Aryepiglottic Muscle
Lowers the epiglottis, therefore assists in narrowing the entrance to larynx
Teal space
What are its borders?
Quadrangular Membrane
Borders:
- Inferiorly: vestibular ligament/fold (free edge)
- Superiorly: Aryepiglottic Fold (also free)
- Anterior: lateral edge of epiglottis (fixed)
- Posterior: Arytenoid Cartilages (fixed)
Light Green space
What are its borders?
Triangular Membrane/Conus Elasticus: arises from the inner surface of the cricoid arch.
(most sources, but not Semmelweis ones, seem to call this the Cricovocal Membrane)
Borders:
- Anterior: Median Cricothyroid (Conicate) Ligament
- Superior: Vocal Ligament (True Vocal Cord) - free edge
- Lateral: ~oblique line following the superior border of the cricoid cartilage (which is taller in the posterior lamina than its anterior arch)
51
Median Sulcus of Tongue
(don’t get it confused with Medial Sulcus)
45, what type of papillae?
Filiform Papillae
52, what type of papillae?
Fungiform Papillae
53, what type of papillae?
Foliate Papillae
- Short vertical folds
- Present on each side of the tongue
54, what type of papillae?
(Circum)vallate papilla
- Dome-shaped structures
- Vary in number from eight to twelve
- Situated on the surface of the tongue immediately in front of the foramen cecum and sulcus terminalis
55
What two parts does it divide?
What are the embryological origins of this divison?
Sulcus Terminalis (Terminal Sulcus)
- V-Shaped division of Anterior 2/3 (Papillary/Oral Part) and Posterior 1/3 (Follicular/Pharyngeal Part) of Tongue
- Anterior 2/3 originates from 1st Pharyngeal Arch, Posterior 1/3 originates from 3rd Pharyngeal Arch
46
What embryological structure is this a remnant of?
Foramen Cecum
- Medial depression from which the groove of the terminal sulcus runs laterally
- Remnant of the Thyroglossal Duct in thyroid gland development
48
Palatine Tonsil
49
Vallecula of Epiglottis
- Depression behind tongue, before epiglottis
- Two of them, situated between Median and Lateral Glossopepiglottic Folds
56
What type of tissue?
Epiglottis
- Elastic Cartilage
50
Vestibule of Larynx
57
Greater Horn of Hyoid
What are the 4 intrinsic muscles of the tongue?
- Superior longitudinal: curls tip and side superiorly
- Inferior longitudinal: curls tip inferiorly
- Transversus: narrows and elongates tongue
- Verticalis: flattens and broadens tongue
What are the 4 extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
-
Genioglossus: Depression of tongue (more anterior fibers) and protracting the tongue outside the oral cavity (posterior fibers, only muscle that protracts tongue!)
- Origin: Mental spine (superior part)
- Insertion: fans out from apex to the root of tongue
-
Hyoglossus: depresses and retracts tongue backwards
- Origin: greater horn of hyoid + body of hyoid
- Insertion: lateral side and inferior surface of tongue
-
Styloglossus: pulls the tip backward, and pulls the whole tongue upwards & backwards
- Origin: styloid process + stylohyoid ligament
- Insertion: side up to the anterior aspect of tongue
-
Palatoglossus: Elevates posterior part of tongue
- Origin: palatine aponeurosis (soft palate)
- Insertion: side of tongue
What are the different parts of the tongue? (5 things, not including division between anterior 2/3 vs posterior 1/3)
- Body: most of the tongue
- Apex: the tip, important in phonetics
- Root: base, not visible when tongue is intact
- Dorsum (back): the surface of the tongue that shows if you stick your tongue out
- Inferior surface: has the frenulum, deep ligual vein and fimbriated fold
What is the general sensory innervation of the tongue?
What differs between the anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3?
General (not taste) Sensory innervation:
- Anterior 2/3: Lingual nerve, branch of mandibular nerve (CN-V3)
- Posterior 1/3: Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN-IX)
What is the taste sensory innervation of the tongue?
What differs between the anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3?
Taste sensation:
- Anterior 2/3: Chorda tympani nerve, branch of Facial nerve (CN-VII)
- ** But the Circumvallate papillae, located at the border, are innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN-IX)
- Posterior 1/3 (Postsulcal): Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN-IX)
What is the contribution of the Vagus nerve to the innevation of the tongue and surrounding structures?
Vagus nerve (CN-X): innervates the tongue from its base, until the epiglottis (folds and Valleculae)
Innervates Palatoglossus Muscle
Green Line
Median Glossoepiglottic Fold
Green line
Lateral Glossoepiglottic Fold
12, 10, and 13
12: Palatopharyngeus Muscle
10: Superior Constrictor Muscle of Pharynx
13: Palatoglossus Muscle
5 (divided) ?
4 ?
5: Genioglossus
4: Geniohyoid
What main artery supplies blood to the tongue (with 3 branches discussed in another card)
What artery does it come from?
What 2 triangles does it pass through on its way to the tongue?
The Lingual Artery perfuses the tongue
(#12 in image below)
It is the 2nd branch of the External Carotid Artery
Passes through Pirogoff and Beclard Triangles
What are the 3 main branches of the Lingual Artery?
To which areas do they supply blood?
- Dorsal lingual arteries: supplies posterior part and palatine tonsils
- Deep lingual artery: supplies the anterior part, the anastomosis between the right and the left end-branch of the deep lingual artery is called the Beclard or Ranine anastomosis
- Sublingual artery: supplies floor of mouth and sublingual glands
What course do the veins of the tongue take?
All veins run parallel to the arteries and drain into Internal Jugular Vein
The apical veins of the tongue are seen very well on both sides of the frenulum on the inferior surface of the tongue, forming the fimbriated folds
*Thin mucosa and large vasculature allow for quick drug absorption via sublingual route
Yellow and Green Arrows
Yellow: Lingual Frenulum: Midline of inferior tongue. Formed by mucus membrane, immediately lateral to it are depressions called Lingual Valleculae
Green: Plica Fimbriata / Fimbriated Fold: lateral folds of mucus membrane on inferior tongue (“Fimbria” = “Fringe” in Latin)
Green Arrows
What are the depressions around it?
Sublingual Caruncula, which is the opening of Submandibular Gland
Depressions on either side of the frenulum are the Lingual Valleculae
Arrows and yellow-dotted circles
Arrows: Wharton’s (or Submandibular) Duct (opens into mouth at the Sublingual Caruncle)
Yellow-dotted circles: Sublingual Gland
What are the 2 parts of the oral cavity and their borders?
- Vestibule: space between the lips/cheeks and the teeth/gums. Superiorly/inferiorly the borders are reflections of the mucosa
- Oral Cavity Proper: space between the dental arches and the Isthmus of Fauces
Arrow
Labial Frenulum
There are 2: an upper (maxillary) and lower (mandibular)
A, B, C, & D
A, Palatoglossal fold
B, Palatopharyngeal fold
C, Palatine tonsil
D, Uvula
1, 2, 3
1: Parotid Gland
2: Submandibular Gland
3: Sublingual Gland
What nerve innervates all the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue, except for which muscle? And which nerve for that exception?
All muscles are innervated by the Hypoglossal Nerve
Except Palatoglossus which is innervated by the Pharyngeal Plexus of the Vagus (CN X)
What are the borders of the oral cavity?
- Superior (Roof): Hard & Soft Palates
- Inferior (Floor): Mylohyoid and Geniohyoid muscles
- Lateral: teeth arches (cavity proper) or the cheeks (the whole oral cavity)
- Anterior: lips
- Posterior: Isthmus of Fauces
1 and 2
What is the midline of #1 called?
What is the name for #1 when referring to the pair of this muscle?
-
Mylohyoid Muscle
- Midline = Mylohyoid Raphe
- Paired structure = Oral Diaphragm
- Geniohyoid Muscle
Sternohyoid
1. Arises:
o Posterior surface of the manubrium
o Sternal end of clavicle
2. Inserted:
o Inner surface of hyoid bone
3. Innervation:
o Cervical ansa of the cervical plexus
Omohyoid
Inferior belly
1. Arises:
o Superior margin of scapula, adjacent to the
scapular notch
2. Inserted:
o Intermediate tendon
3. Innervation:
o Cervical ansa of the cervical plexus
Superior belly:
1. Arises:
o Intermediate tendon
2. Inserted:
o Body of the hyoid bone
3. Innervation:
o Cervical ansa of the cervical plexus
Sternothyroid
1. Arises:
o Posterior surface of manubrium
2. Inserted:
o Thyroid cartilage
3. Innervation:
o Cervical ansa of the cervical plexus
Thyrohyoid
Is a continuation of the sternothyroid.
1. Arises:
o Thyroid cartilage
Marius
2. Inserted:
o Body of the hyoid bone
3. Innervation:
o Ventral ramus of C1
what is this muscle group and what is the function of their movement?
Infrahyoid muscles
Move thyroid cartilage and hyoid bone together
Pull hyoid bone and the laryngeal cartilages downward
Together with the suprahyoid muscles they bend the head forward with mouth
closed
The omohyoid muscle prevents pressure on the large underlying vein and
assists in opening the mouth and in flexion, lateral flexion and rotation of the
head
what is this muscle group?
suprahyoid muscles:
stylohyoid
mylohyoid
geniohyoid
anterior and posterior bellies of digastric
Stylohyoid
1. Arises:
o Styloid process of the temporal bone
2. Inserted:
o Body of the hyoid bone by a split tendon (split by the
digastric muscle)
3. Movement:
o Elevated the hyoid bone (during swallowing)
o Assist in opening the mandible
4. Innervation:
o Facial nerve
Mylohyoid
1. Arises:
o Mylohyoid line of the mandible
2. Inserted:
o Body of the hyoid bone by a median tendon of
insertion (mylohyoid raphe)
3. Movement:
o Tightens and elevates the oral floor
o Draws the hyoid bone forward (during
swallowing)
o Assist in opening the mandible and moving it
from side to side
4. Innervation:
o Mylohyoid nerve (from the mandibular nerve)
Geniohyoid
1. Arises:
o Mental spine
2. Inserted:
o Body of the hyoid bone
3. Movement:
o Draws the hyoid bone forward (during
swallowing)
o Assist in opening the mandible
4. Innervation:
o Ventral ramus of C1
Anterior and Posterior Bellies of Digastric Muscle
Posterior belly
1. Arises:
o Mastoid notch (medial to the mastoid process)
2. Inserted:
o Intermediate tendon, into the hyoid bone
3. Movement:
o Elevates the hyoid bone (during swallowing)
o Assist in opening the mandible
4. Innervation:
o Facial nerve
Anterior belly
1. Arises:
o Digastric fossa of the mandible
2. Inserted:
o Intermediate tendon, into the hyoid bone
3. Movement:
o Elevates the hyoid bone (during swallowing)
o Assist in opening the mandible
4. Innervation:
o Mylohyoid nerve (from the mandibular nerve)
Sternocleidomastoid
superficial neck muscle
1. Arises:
o Sternal head:
• Manubrium of the sternum
o Clavicular head:
• Medial third of the clavicle
2. Inserted:
o Mastoid process and superior nuchal line
3. Movement:
o Individually:
Marius
• Tilts head to the same side
• Rotates head to the opposite side
o Together:
• Ventral flexion of the head
4. Innervation:
o Accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI)
(broad muscular area)
Platysma
The platysma is a broad, flat, subcutaneous muscular sheet.
1. Arises:
o Below the clavicle, from the pectoral fascia
2. Inserted:
o Medial fibers:
• Into the mandible
o Lateral fibers:
• Joins the muscles around the mouth
3. Movement:
o Tenses the skin
o Can move the lower lip and the corners of the mouth down
4. Innervation:
o Facial nerve
triangles of the neck: A, B and C
A mandible
B hyoid
C clavicle
triangles of the neck: D
trapezius muscle
triangles of the neck: E
sternocleidomastoid
triangles of the neck: F
omohyoid muscle
runs deeper than sternocleidomastoid
triangles of the neck: G
posterior belly of digastric
triangles of the neck: H
anterior belly of digastric
triangles of the neck: 1
anterior triangle
triangles of the neck: 2
posterior triangle
contains Erb’s Point aka punctum nervosum, where 6 nerves meet. Injury to this area results in paralysis of arm muscles
triangles of the neck: 3
muscular triangle
aka inferior carotid triangle
- infrahyoid muscles
- thyroid gland
triangles of the neck: 4
submental triangle
- submental lymph nodes
- small veins
triangles of the neck: 5
occipital triangle
aka omotrapezoid triangle
- external jugular vein
- brachial plexus
- cervical plexus
- spinal accessory nerve
triangles of neck: 6
supraclavicular triangle
aka subclavian triangle or omoclavicular triangle
- subclavian artery and vein
- suprascapular artery
- usually some lymph glands
triangles of neck: 7
submandibular triangle
aka digastric triangle
- facial artery and vein
- submandibular glands
- lymph nodes
- mylohyoid nerve
triangles of neck: 8
carotid triangle
contains carotid sheath: internal jugular vein, common carotid artery, vagus nerve
- hypoglossal n
- ansa cervicalis
- accessory nerve
which fascia is in red?
superficial lamina of (or investing layer of) deep cervical fascia
surrounds the neck like a collar, it splits around the sternocleidomastoid muscles and the trapezius muscles. Posteriorly (towards the back of the neck), it blends with ligamentum nuchae.
(1 out of 3 deep cervical layers)
which fascia is in blue?
which is in purple?
what do they make together?
blue = visceral pretracheal cervical fascia
- extends medially in front of the carotid vessels, and assists in forming the carotid sheath
- fixed to the hyoid bone
- encloses the thyroid
purple = muscular pretracheal cervical fascia
together they make up the middle cervical fascia** part of the **deep cervical fascia
what is the fascia in orange?
prevertebral deep cervical fascia
-the “deep lamina” of the deep cervical fascia
Forms a tubular sheath for the vertebral column and muscles associated with it
(longus capitis, longus colli anteriorly) (scalene laterally) (deep cervical muscles
posteriorly)
Superiorly it’s fixed to the cranial base
Inferiorly it blends with the endothoracic fascia peripherally, and the anterior
longitudinal ligament centrally at Th-3 vertebra level
Laterally it extends as the axillary sheath, enclosing the axillary vessels & brachial
plexus
what is the structure in brown?
carotid sheath
borders blend with prevertebral cervical fascia and pretracheal cervical fascia
contains:
- common carotid artery*
- internal jugular vein*
- vagus nerve*
what is the layer external to the red line?
superficial cervical fascia
- not to be confused with superficial lamina of deep cervical fascia!
- lies between the dermis of the skin and the deep cervical fascia.
- contains the platysma, cutaneous nerves, blood, and lymphatic vessels.
- also contains a varying amount of fat, which is its distinguishing characteristic.
- technically not really even fascia
What is this? What does it connect?
Temporomandibular Ligament
- zygomatic arch to condylar process of mandible
Lateral Pterygoid
COURSE:
- runs from greater wing of sphenoid + pterygoid plate to condyloid process of mandible
ACTIONS:
- opens mouth/depresses mandible
- protrudes and moves mandible side-to-side
Medial Pterygoid
COURSE:
- lateral pterygoid plate, pyramidal process of palatine + maxillary tuberosity > medial mandibular angle
ACTION:
- elevates mandible
- helps lateral pterygoid with grinding
Masseter
COURSE:
- zygomatic arch (deep) + maxilla (superficial) > coronoid process/ramus of mandible
ACTION:
- closes/elevates mandible
- protracts jaw
Temporalis
COURSE:
- temporal lines > coronoid process of mandible
ACTION:
- elevates mandible
- retracts mandible
Name the numbers.
4 and 6 are the two separate joints
- Temporal Bone (Petrous Part)
- Mandibular Fossa
- Articular Disc (fibrocartilage)
- Discotemporal Joint
- Articular Capsule
- Discomandibular Joint
- Head of Mandible
- Articular Tubercle
mylohyoid
- oral diaphragm… floor of oral cavity
COURSE:
- mylohyoid line of mandible > body of hyoid
ACTION:
- raises oral cavity floor
- elevates hyoid
- elevates tongue
- depresses mandible
INNERVATION:
- mylohyoid branch of mandibular nerve
Geniohyoid
COURSE:
- inferior mental spine of mandible > hyoid bone
ACTION:
- carry hyoid bone and tongue up during swallowing
INNERVATION:
- deep cervical ansa
Identify both parts.
Digastric Muscle
Anterior Belly:
- digastric fossae > intermediate tendon on hyoid
- elevates hyoid or opens mouth if hyoid held in place by infrahyoids
- inn. by myloid branch of mandibular
Posterior Belly:
- mastoid process of temporal > int. tendon on hyoid
- inn. by facial nerve (CN VII)
Stylohyoid
COURSE:
- styloid process of temporal > greater horn of hyoid
ACTION:
- elevate hyoid during swallowing
INNERVATION:
- facial nerve (CN VII)
Identify the numbered items.
What is this group of muscles known as?
Suprahyoid Muscles
- hyoid bone
- mylohoid (oral diaphragm, middle layer)
- geniohyoid (deepest)
- digastric (anterior belly, most superficial layer)
- stylohyoid (most superficial layer)
- digastric (posterior belly, most superficial layer)
What is this muscle group called?
Identify all numbered items.
Infrahyoids
- thyroid cartilage (of larnyx)
- thyroid gland
- thyrohyoid
- omohyoid (superior belly)
- omohyoid (inferior belly)
- sternothyroid
- sternohyoid
- sternum (manubrium)
- oblique line (where thyrohyoid & sternothyroid meet)
- intermediate tendon btwn omohyoid bellies
thyrohyoid
COURSE:
- thyroid cartilage > hyoid bone
ACTION:
- elevates thyroid and depresses hyoid
Identify both parts.
Omohyoid
- two bellies: superior and inferior
COURSE:
- superior transverse scapular ligament > hyoid bone
ACTION:
- depresses larynx and hyoid
- carries hyoid backward and to the side
Sternothyroid
COURSE:
- manubrium > thyroid cartilage
ACTION:
- depresses thyroid cartilage
Sternohyoid
COURSE:
- manubrium > hyoid
ACTION:
- depresses hyoid
What is 1?
What does it contain?
Submandibular Triangle
- contains submandibular gland and facial artery
What is 2?
What does it contain?
submental triangle
- contains lymph nodes
What is 3?
What covers it?
What does it contain?
Carotid Triangle
- covered by carotid sheath
- contains common, external (medial) and internal (lateral) carotid artery
as well as internal jugular vein
What is 4?
What does it contain?
omoclavicular triangle
- contains the brachial plexus and sublclavian artery
What is 5?
What does it contain?
Omotrapezoid Triangle
- cervical plexus
What is 6?
What does it contain?
Medial Cervical Region
- contains infrahyoids, larynx, thyroid
What are 7 through 11?
- mastoid process
- anterior belly, digastric
- posterior belly, digastric
- sternal head, sternocleidomastoid
- clavicular head, sternocleidomastoid
What is 16?
lesser supraclavicular fossa
- between the 2 heads of the sternocleidomastoid
What are 12 through 14?
- superior belly, omohyoid
- inferior belly, omohyoid
- trapezius
What are 15 and 17?
- facial artery
- submandibular gland
Galea Aponeurotica
aka epicranial aponeurosis
Occipitofrontalis
frontal belly
- raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead
Occipitofrontalis
- occipital belly
- draws back scalp
What is the cut and reflected muscle shown here?
Temporoparietalis
COURSE:
- galea aponeurotica > auricular cartilage
ACTION:
- assists frontal belly of occipitofrontalis
- tenses temporal fascia
- assists auricular muscles
What is the highlighted muscle?
Its 3 parts?
Orbicularis Oculi
PARTS:
- orbital (surrounding eyelid)
- palpebral (eyelid)
- lacrimal (AKA Horner’s) (deep, medial, crossed fibers attached to posterior lacrimal crest)
COURSE:
- orbital: circularly around eye, attached to palebral ligament medially
- palpebral: circularly on eyelid, attached to palp. lig.
- lacrimal: post. lacrimal crest > orbital and palpebral parts
ACTION:
- closes eyelids
Corrugator Supercilii
COURSE:
- glabella + supraorbital margin > eyebrow skin
(penetrates orb. oculi and occ.frontalis)
ACTION:
- wrinkles forehead
9
Procerus
COURSE:
- fascia over nose > skin just above glabella
ACTION:
- frowning (draws down medial angle of eyebrow)
10 and 11
two parts of one muscle
Nasalis
-
transverse (compressor naris) - compresses nostrils
* above/lateral to incisive fossa > aponeurosis on bridge of nose -
alar (dilator nasalis) - dilates nostrils
* maxilla over lateral incisor > greater alar cartilage
12
Levator Labii Superioris Alaeque Nasi
COURSE:
- nasal bone > nostril and upper lip
ACTION:
- dilate nostril
- elevate upper lip and wing of nose
1
orbicularis oris
- not a simple sphincter, has multiple parts with fibers in different directions
COURSE:
- maxilla & mandible > skin around the lips
ACTION:
- closes mouth and puckers lips
2
buccinator
COURSE:
- molar alveolar processes & pterygomandibular raphe (3) > angle of mouth
(forms lateral wall of oral vestibule)
ACTION:
- compresses cheeks against teeth
- assists mastication and suckling (neonates)
- blowing, laughing, crying, expresses satisfaction
4
Zygomaticus Major
COURSE:
- anterior zygomatic > modiolus (chiasma of mouth muscles at corners of mouth)
ACTION:
- draws angle of mouth up and lateral
- laughter/pleasure
5
zygomaticus minor
COURSE:
- zygomatic > nasolabial groove
ACTION:
- elevates upper lip
6
risorius
COURSE:
- masseteric fascia > angle of mouth (modiolus)
ACTION:
- draws angle of mouth back
- laughing, expression of “action”
- AKA laughing muscles
7
levator labii superioris
COURSE:
- infraorbital margin > skin of upper lip
ACTION:
- elevates upper lip
8
Levator Anguli Oris
COURSE:
- maxilla (below inf.orb. foramen) > modiolus
ACTION:
- elevates angle of mouth
- smile, self-confidence
9
depressor anguli oris
COURSE:
- tubercle of mandible > modiolus
ACTION:
- depresses angle of mouth
- frowning, sadness
10
depressor labii inferioris
COURSE:
- oblique line of mandible > skin of lower lip, orb. oris fibers
ACTION:
- depresses lower lip
- expression of perseverance
11 (bottom)
mentalis
COURSE:
- alveolar jugum > chin (mental tubercle)
ACTION:
- elevates chin, wrinkles skin
- protrudes lower lip
- expression of doubt and indecision
12
platysma
COURSE:
- skin of neck (supra/infraclavicular regions) > facial region (cheek, mandible, modiolus, orb. oris)
ACTION:
- draws corners of mouth down, widens mouth
- expressions of fright or sadness
