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Y Anatomy IV > Midterm II: Mark / Kalman Important Questions (Ben) > Flashcards

Midterm II: Mark / Kalman Important Questions (Ben) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the only unpaired laryngeal muscle?

What does it do?

A

Interarytenoid

  • oblique + transverse fibers close the posterior cartilaginous part of the rima glottis
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2
Q

What closes the part of the rima glottis other than the cartilaginous part?

A

Lateral Cricoarytenoid Muscle

  • closes membranous anterior part
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3
Q

What is the fibrous capsule of the thyroid formed from?

(anatomically, not embryo)

A

pretracheal fascia

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4
Q

What is the blood supply of the thyroid?

A

Superior Thyroid Artery (from ECA)

Inferior Thyroid Artery (from thyrocerv. trunk from subclavian a.)

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5
Q

What innervates these muscles?

Which muscle is the exception?

Function?

A

Deep Cervical Ansa innervates the Infrahyoids

(superior root = C1, inferior root = C2-C3)

  • thyrohyoid is innervated by C1 via hypoglossal
  • sternothyroid m.
  • omohyoid m. (sup/inf bellies)
  • sternohyoid m.
  • Depress hyoid/larynx in speech and swallowing
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6
Q

What is the sensory innervation of the tongue?

Motor?

A

Ant. 2/3 - Lingual N. (general, V/3) Chorda Tympani (taste)

Post 1/3 - Glossopharyngeal N. (general + taste, CN IX)

Motor - Hypoglossal N. (CN XII)

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7
Q

What innervates the digastric muscle?

A

Ant belly - Mylohyoid Branch (inf. alv. nerve from V/3)

Post Belly - Facial N.

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8
Q

Where can the lingual artery be found on the tongue?

What borders this area?

What else is here?

A

Median Lingual Sulcus

  • medial: genioglossus
  • lateral: hyoglossus
  • also contains glossopharyngeal n. posteriorly
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9
Q

Where is the submandibular duct found?

What borders this area?

What else is here?

A

Lateral Lingual Sulcus

(AKA Wharton’s duct –> lingual caruncles)

Medial: Hyoglossus, Lateral: Mylohyoid

Contains: Lingual N.

Sublingual Gland

CN XII

Lingual V.

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10
Q

What are the borders of the quadrangular membrane?

(what is it?)

A

A fibroelastic membrane that joins parts of the laryngeal skeleton.

Medial: Lateral Edge, Epiglottis

Lateral: Arytenoid Cart.

Superior: Aryepiglottic Fold

Inferior: Vestibular Fold

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11
Q

Where are the bitchy little laryngeal cartilages found?

A

Arytenoid - (least bitchy) articulates with superior surface of cricoid lamina

Corniculate - just above apex of arytenoid cart.

Cuneiform - in aryepiglottic fold

Triticeal - (bitchiest) in lateral thyrohyoid ligament

Just remember… you have to ACCT (account) for these bitchy little cartilages when being examined by Semmelweis professors.

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12
Q

What is the space between the esophagus and trachea called?

What is found there?

What does this thing do?

A

Tracheo-esophageal Sulcus

  • reccurent laryngeal n. (branch of vagus)
  • innervates all laryngeal muscles except cricothyroid m. (sup. laryngeal n.)
  • ends in inferior laryngeal nerve which innervates laryngeal mucosa below vocal fold
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13
Q

What are the borders of the triangular membrane?

A

Superior - vocal fold/ligament

Inferior/Posterior - arch/lamina of cricoid

Anterior - conic (median cricothyroid) ligament

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14
Q

What are all these muscles called together?

Innervation?

Function?

A

Suprahyoid Muscles

  • Digastric (Mylohyoid N. V/3 + Facial N.)
  • Stylohyoid M. (Facial N.)
  • Geniohyoid (C1 via hypoglossal)
  • Mylohoid (Mylohyoid N. V/3)
    • = floor of oral cavity

All function to elevate hyoid and widen esophagus for swallowing.

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15
Q

What + where are the different papillae of the tongue?

A
  • Circumvalate - just ant. to terminal sulcus
  • Foliate - lateral edges
  • Filiform - in Vs parallel to term. sulc. / transverse at tip
  • Fungiform - among filiform, mostly @ apex/sides
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16
Q

What are all the muscles of the tongue?

What is the one exception in their innervation?

A
  • Extrinsic Muscles:
    • Hyoglossus
    • Genioglossus
    • Styloglossus
    • Palatoglossus (Pharyngeal Plexus, CN IX + X)
  • Intrinsic Fibers:
    • Superior/Inferior Longitudinal
    • Transverse
    • Vertical
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17
Q

What are the stupider names for the parts of the pharynx?

A

Naso = epi

Oro = meso

Laryngo = hypo

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18
Q

What 2 swellings can be felt within the walls of the piriform recess?

A

Superior Horn, Thyroid Cartilage

Posterior Horn, Hyoid Bone

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19
Q

Where can each of the tonsils be found?

A
  • Pharyngeal (unpaired in fornix of pharynx)
  • Tubarian (paired, in torus tubarius)
  • Palatine (paired, in tonsilary fossa)
  • Lingual (unpaired, follicular part of tongue)
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20
Q

What are the borders of the area where the palatine tonsil can be found?

What is the blood supply of this tonsil and area?

A

Tonsillary Fossa

  • Ant: Palatoglossal arch, Post: Palatopharyngeal arch
  • Blood Supply:
    • Ascending Palatine A. (facial a.)
    • Ascending Pharyngeal A. (ECA)
    • Tonsilar Branches (facial a.)
    • Descending Palatine A. (maxillary a.)
    • Apparently lingual a. also via dorsal lingual a.
  • these arteries also supply isthmus of fauces, root of tongue + palate
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21
Q

Describe the path of the parotid duct.

A

Stenson’s parotid duct runs from the parotid gland…

…through the buccal fat pad and over masseter muscle…

… turns medially to pierce the buccinator…

… and empties into the oral vestibule at the second superior molar.

22
Q

Where are the important lymph nodes of the neck found and what are they called?

A

superficial cercival nodes - around EJV

deep cervical nodes - around IJV

23
Q

What is the carotid sheath composed of?

A

anteriorly both the investing and pretracheal layers of the deep cervical fascia

posteriorly the prevertebral layer

24
Q

What are the 3 main branches of each division of the trigeminal nerve?

A
  • Ophthalmic - Frontal, Lacrimal, Nasociliary
  • Maxillary - Zygomatic, Infraorbital, Pterygoid
  • Mandibular - Auriculotemporal, Inferior Alveolar, Lingual
25
#26 Branch of? Innervates?
**Auriculotemporal N.** - branch of **V/3** - innervates mostly the **temple skin** - gives parasymp branch to **parotid gland** (from lesser petrosal n. branch of IX glossophar.) - ascends from pterygopal. gangl. and then runs with superficial temporal a.
26
What nerve can be found under the sternocleidomastoid, running along its surface?
**accessory n. (CN XI)**
27
What important surgical point can be found on the lateral sides of the neck? Where exactly? Significance?
**Erb's Point** * @ posterior edge of SCM, btwn middle + lower 1/3s of its length * _4 superficial branches of cervical plexus_ emerge here: * **Lesser Occipital** * **Greater Auricular** * **Transverse Cervical** * **Supraclavicular** * _Accessory nerve_ also course posteriorly from here into posterior triangle of the neck
28
#21 Origin?
**Phrenic Nerve** - from C3-5
29
#24 Origin? Innervates?
**Supraclavicular Nerves** - from C3-4 of cervical plexus - skin above/below clavicle
30
#23 Origin? Where does it go? Branches?
**Lingual Artery** - from ECA - goes to medial lingual sulcus - gives deep, dorsal and sub-lingual arteries
31
#15 Origin? Course? Supplies what?
**Occipital Artery** - courses superoposteriorly off of ECA - supplies scalp and "occiput" = lower back of head
32
#16 Origin? Innervates what?
**Greater Occipital Nerve** - from cervical plexus (C2) - innervates scalp at top of head, over ear + over parotid gland - also innervates semispinalis capitis
33
#15 Origin? Course? Innervates what?
**Third Occipital Nerve** - from C3 (why it's called third!) - originates behind and then _pierce_ the trapezius - innervates occipital/nuchal skin
34
#12 (top line) Origin?
**Middle Meningeal Artery** (actually just the groove for it but where it should be) - from maxillary artery (3rd branch of retromandibular mart)
35
What is the important bleeding-prone area in the nasal cavity called? What does it consist of?
**Kisselbach Area/Plexus** (AKA Little's Area) * Is an anastamosis of: * **Ant. Ethmoidal A.** (ophthalmic a.) * **Post. Ethmoidal A.** (ophthalmic a. \<-- ICA) * **Sphenopalatine A.** (maxillary a., terminal branch) * Greater Palatine A. (maxillary A.) * Septal branch of superior labial a. (facial a.)
36
What is the arterial supply of the nasal cavity?
* _Lateral Wall_: * **Ant/Post Ethmoidal A.** (opthalmic a. \<-- ICA) * **Sphenopalatine A.** (maxillary a., via sphenopal. foramen) * Lateral Nasal Branches (facial a. --\> nasal vestibule) * Alar Branches (sup. labial a. from facial a.) * _Septum_: * Same ... ant/post eth + sphenopal. * **Nasal Septal Branch** (sup. labial a. \<-- facial a.)
37
What is the innervation of the nasal cavity?
* _Lateral Wall_ * Ant/Sup: **Ant/Post Ethm. N.** (nasociliary n., V/I) * Post/Inf: **Maxillary N.** (V/II) * **Internal Nasal Branches of Infraorbital N.** * Tons of ant/post/lat/med-named "nasal branches" * _Septum_ * Ant/Sup: **Ant/Post Ethm. N.** * Post/Inf: **Maxillary N.** * **​**_**Nasopalatine N.** **(Scarpa's)**_ * **_​_**sphenopal. foramen --\> incisive canal * **Internal Nasal Branches of Infraorbital N.**
38
What is the fold found just inferior to the salpingophar./palatine folds? What does it contain? What innervates its contents?
**Torus Levatorus** - contains **tensor + levator veli palatini** (which open membranous part of eustachian tube) - tensor = **V/3** (medial pter. nerve) levator = **vagus** (phar. branch)
39
What is the area bounded by these colored muscles? What does it contain?
**Suboccipital Triangle** Supero-medial: **rectus capitis posterior major** (blue) Infero-lateral: **Obliquus Capitis Inferior** (red) Supero-lateral: **Obliquus Capitis Superior** (green) Contains: **Suboccipital N.** (post. branch C1) + **Vertebral Artery**
40
What are the muscles found within the arches bordering the tonsillary fossa? Innervation + function?
* **Palatoglossus M.** * innervation: **vagus** * function: _raises posterior tongue_ * **Palatopharyngeus M.** * innervation: **vagus** * function: _elevates pharynx + larynx_
41
What is this bony structure behind the fornix of the pharynx indicated by the forceps? What attaches to it anterior wall?
**Basilar part** of occipital bone has a **pharyngeal tubercle** anteriorly, to which the **pharyngobasilar membrane** attaches. (PB membrane descends to form **median raphe** of pharynx on which the constrictors attach)
42
What contributes most of the innervation to the pterygopalatine ganglion?
**Greater Petrosal N.** from CN VII facial
43
what are the 4 parasympathetic ganglia in the head?
* **Otic** ( --\> parotid gland) * **Pterygopalatine** (--\> lacrimal gland + nasal/palatine glands) * **Submandibular** ( --\> submandibular gland) * **Ciliary** (--\> sphincter pupillae)
44
The _posterior_ division of the **_Retromandibular Vein_** drains into which vein? And the _anterior_ divsion?
* _Posterior_ Division -\> ****_Ext_**ernal Jugular Vein** * _Anterior_ Division -\> **Facial Vein -\> **_Int_**ernal Jugular Vein**
45
The tendinous part of what muscle keeps the _carotid sheath_ open?
The **_Omohyoid_** Contractions helps to distend the **internal jugular vein**
46
The **Cavernous Sinus** communicates with the **Pterygoid Plexus** via what vein(s)?
(Emissary) **_Vein of Foramen Ovale_**
47
The **Cavernous Sinus** communicates with the **Angular Vein** via what vein?
**_Superior Opthalmic Vein_** (infection can spread from the eye through this vein)
48
Where is the **_pterygoid hiatus_**? What are its contents?
It's made between the **medial and lateral pterygoid muscles** Contains: * **_Mandibular nerve_** and its 3 main branches (**auriculotemporal, inferior alveolar, and lingual**) * First part of **Maxillary Artery**
49
What are the borders of the **Pirigov triangle**? What's the surgical importance?
* Superior: **Hypoglossal Nerve (XII)** * Anterior: **Mylohyoid Muscle** (Posterior Margin) * Inferior: **Tendon of Digastric Muscle** and **Stylohyoid M.** Contains **Lingual Artery**
50
What are the borders of the **Beclard triangle**? What's the surgical importance?
* Superior: **Tendon of Digastric M.** * Posterior: Free margin of **Hyoglossus M.** * Inferior: **Greater Horn of Hyoid Bone** Contains **Lingual Artery**
51
What are the paranasal sinuses and where do they open?
1. **​Maxillary**: Opens in back of the *semilunar hiatus* (in the middle nasal meatus) 2. **Frontal**: Opens in the front of the *semilunar hiatus* 3. **Ethmoidal**: There are 3 of them 1. _Posterior_: opens in *Superior nasal meatus* 2. _Middle_: opens in the *middle nasal meatus* on or above the Ethmoidal Bulla 3. _Anterior_: Opens in the *semilunar hiatus* 4. **Sphenoidal**: opens in the *sphenoethmoidal recess*

Y Anatomy IV (18 decks)

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