Midterm II: Mark / Kalman Important Questions (Ben) Flashcards
What is the only unpaired laryngeal muscle?
What does it do?
Interarytenoid
- oblique + transverse fibers close the posterior cartilaginous part of the rima glottis
What closes the part of the rima glottis other than the cartilaginous part?
Lateral Cricoarytenoid Muscle
- closes membranous anterior part
What is the fibrous capsule of the thyroid formed from?
(anatomically, not embryo)
pretracheal fascia
What is the blood supply of the thyroid?
Superior Thyroid Artery (from ECA)
Inferior Thyroid Artery (from thyrocerv. trunk from subclavian a.)
What innervates these muscles?
Which muscle is the exception?
Function?
Deep Cervical Ansa innervates the Infrahyoids
(superior root = C1, inferior root = C2-C3)
- thyrohyoid is innervated by C1 via hypoglossal
- sternothyroid m.
- omohyoid m. (sup/inf bellies)
- sternohyoid m.
- Depress hyoid/larynx in speech and swallowing
What is the sensory innervation of the tongue?
Motor?
Ant. 2/3 - Lingual N. (general, V/3) Chorda Tympani (taste)
Post 1/3 - Glossopharyngeal N. (general + taste, CN IX)
Motor - Hypoglossal N. (CN XII)
What innervates the digastric muscle?
Ant belly - Mylohyoid Branch (inf. alv. nerve from V/3)
Post Belly - Facial N.
Where can the lingual artery be found on the tongue?
What borders this area?
What else is here?
Median Lingual Sulcus
- medial: genioglossus
- lateral: hyoglossus
- also contains glossopharyngeal n. posteriorly
Where is the submandibular duct found?
What borders this area?
What else is here?
Lateral Lingual Sulcus
(AKA Wharton’s duct –> lingual caruncles)
Medial: Hyoglossus, Lateral: Mylohyoid
Contains: Lingual N.
Sublingual Gland
CN XII
Lingual V.
What are the borders of the quadrangular membrane?
(what is it?)
A fibroelastic membrane that joins parts of the laryngeal skeleton.
Medial: Lateral Edge, Epiglottis
Lateral: Arytenoid Cart.
Superior: Aryepiglottic Fold
Inferior: Vestibular Fold
Where are the bitchy little laryngeal cartilages found?
Arytenoid - (least bitchy) articulates with superior surface of cricoid lamina
Corniculate - just above apex of arytenoid cart.
Cuneiform - in aryepiglottic fold
Triticeal - (bitchiest) in lateral thyrohyoid ligament
Just remember… you have to ACCT (account) for these bitchy little cartilages when being examined by Semmelweis professors.
What is the space between the esophagus and trachea called?
What is found there?
What does this thing do?
Tracheo-esophageal Sulcus
- reccurent laryngeal n. (branch of vagus)
- innervates all laryngeal muscles except cricothyroid m. (sup. laryngeal n.)
- ends in inferior laryngeal nerve which innervates laryngeal mucosa below vocal fold
What are the borders of the triangular membrane?
Superior - vocal fold/ligament
Inferior/Posterior - arch/lamina of cricoid
Anterior - conic (median cricothyroid) ligament
What are all these muscles called together?
Innervation?
Function?
Suprahyoid Muscles
- Digastric (Mylohyoid N. V/3 + Facial N.)
- Stylohyoid M. (Facial N.)
- Geniohyoid (C1 via hypoglossal)
-
Mylohoid (Mylohyoid N. V/3)
- = floor of oral cavity
All function to elevate hyoid and widen esophagus for swallowing.
What + where are the different papillae of the tongue?
- Circumvalate - just ant. to terminal sulcus
- Foliate - lateral edges
- Filiform - in Vs parallel to term. sulc. / transverse at tip
- Fungiform - among filiform, mostly @ apex/sides
What are all the muscles of the tongue?
What is the one exception in their innervation?
- Extrinsic Muscles:
- Hyoglossus
- Genioglossus
- Styloglossus
- Palatoglossus (Pharyngeal Plexus, CN IX + X)
- Intrinsic Fibers:
- Superior/Inferior Longitudinal
- Transverse
- Vertical
What are the stupider names for the parts of the pharynx?
Naso = epi
Oro = meso
Laryngo = hypo
What 2 swellings can be felt within the walls of the piriform recess?
Superior Horn, Thyroid Cartilage
Posterior Horn, Hyoid Bone
Where can each of the tonsils be found?
- Pharyngeal (unpaired in fornix of pharynx)
- Tubarian (paired, in torus tubarius)
- Palatine (paired, in tonsilary fossa)
- Lingual (unpaired, follicular part of tongue)
What are the borders of the area where the palatine tonsil can be found?
What is the blood supply of this tonsil and area?
Tonsillary Fossa
- Ant: Palatoglossal arch, Post: Palatopharyngeal arch
-
Blood Supply:
- Ascending Palatine A. (facial a.)
- Ascending Pharyngeal A. (ECA)
- Tonsilar Branches (facial a.)
- Descending Palatine A. (maxillary a.)
- Apparently lingual a. also via dorsal lingual a.
- these arteries also supply isthmus of fauces, root of tongue + palate
26
Branch of? Innervates?
Auriculotemporal N.
- branch of V/3
- innervates mostly the temple skin
- gives parasymp branch to parotid gland (from lesser petrosal n. branch of IX glossophar.)
- ascends from pterygopal. gangl. and then runs with superficial temporal a.
What important surgical point can be found on the lateral sides of the neck?
Where exactly?
Significance?
Erb’s Point
- @ posterior edge of SCM, btwn middle + lower 1/3s of its length
-
4 superficial branches of cervical plexus emerge here:
- Lesser Occipital
- Greater Auricular
- Transverse Cervical
- Supraclavicular
- Accessory nerve also course posteriorly from here into posterior triangle of the neck
21
Origin?
Phrenic Nerve
- from C3-5
24
Origin? Innervates?
Supraclavicular Nerves
- from C3-4 of cervical plexus
- skin above/below clavicle
23
Origin? Where does it go?
Branches?
Lingual Artery
- from ECA
- goes to medial lingual sulcus
- gives deep, dorsal and sub-lingual arteries
15
Origin? Course? Supplies what?
Occipital Artery
- courses superoposteriorly off of ECA
- supplies scalp and “occiput” = lower back of head
16
Origin? Innervates what?
Greater Occipital Nerve
- from cervical plexus (C2)
- innervates scalp at top of head, over ear + over parotid gland
- also innervates semispinalis capitis
15
Origin? Course? Innervates what?
Third Occipital Nerve
- from C3 (why it’s called third!)
- originates behind and then pierce the trapezius
- innervates occipital/nuchal skin
12 (top line)
Origin?
Middle Meningeal Artery
(actually just the groove for it but where it should be)
- from maxillary artery (3rd branch of retromandibular mart)
What is the important bleeding-prone area in the nasal cavity called?
What does it consist of?
Kisselbach Area/Plexus
(AKA Little’s Area)
- Is an anastamosis of:
- Ant. Ethmoidal A. (ophthalmic a.)
- Post. Ethmoidal A. (ophthalmic a. <– ICA)
- Sphenopalatine A. (maxillary a., terminal branch)
- Greater Palatine A. (maxillary A.)
- Septal branch of superior labial a. (facial a.)
What is the area bounded by these colored muscles?
What does it contain?
Suboccipital Triangle
Supero-medial: rectus capitis posterior major (blue)
Infero-lateral: Obliquus Capitis Inferior (red)
Supero-lateral: Obliquus Capitis Superior (green)
Contains: Suboccipital N. (post. branch C1) + Vertebral Artery
What is this bony structure behind the fornix of the pharynx indicated by the forceps?
What attaches to it anterior wall?
Basilar part of occipital bone has a pharyngeal tubercle anteriorly, to which the pharyngobasilar membrane attaches.
(PB membrane descends to form median raphe of pharynx on which the constrictors attach)
