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Y Anatomy IV > Midterm I: Ventral Upper Limb Regions (Ben) > Flashcards

Midterm I: Ventral Upper Limb Regions (Ben) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the borders of the axillary region/fossa?

(actually more like “walls” of the fossa, rather than borders here)

A

Ventral: pec major/minor

Dorsal: latissimus dorsi

Lateral: neck of humerus, coracobrachialis, short head biceps brachii

Medial: serratus anterior

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2
Q

What are the borders of the deltoid region?

A

margins of the deltoid muscle

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3
Q

What are the borders of the anterior brachial region?

A

Superior: transverse line along lower margin pec. major

Inferior: transverse line 3 fingers above cubital fossa

Lateral: lateral bicipital groove

Medial: medial bicipital groove

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4
Q

What are the borders of the anterior cubital region?

A

Superior: 3 fingers above cubital fossa

Inferior: 3 fingers below cubital fossa

Lateral: line thru humerus’ lateral epicondyle

Medial: line thru humerus’ medial epicondyle

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5
Q

What are the borders of the anterior antebrachial region?

A

Superior: 3 fingers below cubital fossa

Inferior: transverse line across head of ulna

Lateral: line btwn lateral epicondyle and styloid proc. of radius

Medial: line btwn medial epicondyle and styloid proc. of ulna

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6
Q

What are the borders of the anterior carpal region?

A

Superior: transverse line across head of ulna

Inferior: line btwn medial + lateral carpal eminences

Lateral/Medial: borders of wrist

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7
Q

What are the borders of the palmar region?

A

Superior: line btwn radial/ulnar carpal eminences

Inferior: skin folds at base of fingers (middle of proximal phalanges)

Radial: edge of thenar eminence + skin fold btwn thumb and index finger

Ulnar: edge of hypothenar eminence

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8
Q

What are the contents of the axillary region/fossa?

5 things

A
  1. Axillary Vessels (A + V and branches)
  2. Lymphatics (vessel + axillary lymph nodes)
  3. Brachial Plexus Cords (medial, lateral, posterior)
  4. Tendon of Coracobrachialis
  5. Short Head Biceps Brachii
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9
Q

What innervates the skin of the axillary region?

A

Intercostobrachial Nerves

  • anastamoses btwn intercostal nerve 2 + medial brachial cutaneous nerve
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10
Q

What is the “apex” of the axillary region?

A

Cervicoaxillary Canal

  • extends superiorly to neck from within axillary fossa
  • btwn 1st rib, clavicle + superior border scapula
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11
Q

What innervates the skin of the deltoid region?

2 nerves

A
  1. Lateral Supraclavicular Nerves
  2. Superior Lateral Brachial Cutaneous Nerve
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12
Q

What are the contents of the quadrangular space (in the deltoid region)?

Borders?

A

Contents:

  • Posterior Circumflex Humeral Artery
  • Axillary Nerve

Borders:

  • Sup: Teres minor
  • Inf: Teres major
  • Lat: Humerus
  • Med: Long Head Triceps
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13
Q

What are contents of the medialtriangular space (in the deltoid region…sort of)?

Borders?

A

Contents:

  • Circumflex Scapular Artery

Borders:

  • Sup: Teres minor
  • Inf: Teres major
  • Lat: Long Head, Triceps
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14
Q

What are the contents of the lateral triangular space (in the deltoid region)?

Borders?

A

Contents:

  • Radial Nerve
  • Deep Branch, Brachial Artery

Borders:

  • Sup: Teres major
  • Med: Long Head, Triceps
  • Lat: Humerus + Lateral Head, Triceps
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15
Q

What innerves the skin of the anterior brachial region?

2 nerves

A
  1. Medial Brachial Cutaneous N. (from brachial plex., medial cord)
  2. Superior Lateral Brachial Cut. N. (from axillary n.)
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16
Q

What are the 3 important subcutaneous structures of the anterior brachial region?

(2 vessels, 1 fascia)

(What is special about the fascia?)

A
  1. Cephalic Vein (laterally, thru deltopectoral groove + triangle to axillary vein)
  2. Basilic Vein (medially, pierces brachial fascia at brachial hiatus)
  3. Brachial Fascia
    • continuation of deltoid, pectoral, infraspinatus + axillary fasciae
    • gives lat/med intermuscular septa, dividing flexor/ext. compartments of upper arm
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17
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior brachial region (3)?

Their innervation?

(Something special about this nerve?)

A
  1. Biceps Brachii - lateral long + medial short heads
  2. Coracobrachialis - in superior medial 1/2 of region, deep to biceps
  3. Brachialis - inferior 1/2 of region, deep to biceps
  • all innervated by musculocutaneous nerve which pierces the coracobrachialis (+ continues to become lateral antebrachial cutaneous n.)
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18
Q

What two spaces are found along the length of either side of the anterior brachial region?

One of the two has many contents. What are they?

(5 nerves, 4 vessels)

A
  • Lateral Bicipital Groove - only contains cephalic vein
  • Medial Bicipital Groove, contains:
    • Median Nerve
    • Medial Brachial and Antebrachial Cutaneous Ns.
    • Musculocutaneous N.
    • Ulnar Nerve (goes posteriorly to groove behind medial epicondyle)
    • Superior Collateral Ulnar Artery (from Brachial A., less important)
    • Brachial Artery
    • _2 B_rachial Veins
  • remember MMMMUUBBB
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19
Q

What 3 minor branches does the brachial artery give in the anterior brachial region?

(maybe not so important)

A
  1. Superior Ulnar Collateral A.
  2. Inferior Ulnar Collateral A.
  3. Deep Brachial A.
20
Q

What innervates the skin of the anterior cubital region (3 things)?

What vessels run with these nerves?

A

Lateral Inferior Brachial Cutaneous N.

Medial Brachial + Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerves

Basilic Vein runs w/ medial, Cephalic w/ lateral

21
Q

What important anastamosis exists in the cubital fossa?

A

Median Cubital Vein

  • btwn cephalic and basilic veins
  • commonly used for blood drawing
22
Q

What are the borders of the cubital fossa?

Include floor and roof.

A
  • Roof: Bicipital Aponeurosis + Antebrachial Fascia
  • Floor: Brachialis (also supinator laterally)
  • Medial: Pronator Teres ( + forearm flexors)
  • Lateral: Brachioradialis ( + forearm extensors)
  • Superior: Line btwn 2 humeral epicondyles
23
Q

What are the contents of the cubital fossa?

(medial to lateral)

A
  1. Median Nerve
  2. Brachial Artery
  3. Tendon of Biceps Brachii (inserts on radial tuberosity)
  4. (lymph nodes throughout)
  • in lateral to medial direction, remember TAN
24
Q

What important motor nerve is found laterally in the anterior cubital region (but not in the cubital fossa)?

Where exactly?

A

Radial Nerve

  • between biceps tendon and brachioradialis, lying on top of brachialis
25
Q

Many forearm muscles originate in the anterior cubital region.

What two groups and from what two sites?

A

Flexors from the medial epicondyle

Extensors from the lateral epicondyle

26
Q

What innervates the skin of the anterior antebrachial region?

A

Medial and Lateral Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerves

(from brachial plexus + musculocutaneous n., respectively)

27
Q

What are the superficial muscles found in the anterior antebrachial region, in radio-ulnar direction?

(6 muscles, including 2 non-flexors visible on the radial side + 1 inconstant muscle)

A
  1. Brachioradialis (also included in dorsal antebrachial region)
  2. Pronator Teres
  3. Flexor Carpi Radialis
  4. Palmaris Longus (inconstant)
  5. Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
  6. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
28
Q

What nerve innervates the muscles of the anterior antebrachial region?

What are the 2 exceptions?

A

Median Nerve

  • except flexor carpi ulnaris + medial part of flexor digitorum profundus innervated by ulnar nerve

(and brachioradialis is not included here)

29
Q

What are the deep muscles of the anterior antebrachial region?

(3 muscles, and one from posterior antebrachial also slightly visible)

A
  1. Flexor Pollicis Longus
  2. Flexor Digitorum Profundus
  3. Pronator Quadratus (distal, near wrist)
  4. Supinator (proximally + quite deep)
30
Q

What two structures run under the deep muscles of the anterior antebrachial region?

On top of what membrane?

A

Anterior Interosseous Artery and Nerve

on top of interosseous membrane

31
Q

A motor nerve runs between two parts of a muscle in the proximal anterior antebrachial region.

What nerve and what muscle?

A

median nerve runs between humeral and ulnar heads of pronator teres

(before running between flexor digitorum sup. + prof. in the fascia of FDS)

32
Q

What innervates the skin of the anterior carpal region?

What other epifascial nerves are found here?

A

Once again…

end branches of lateral/medial antebrachial cutaneous nerves

  • also palmar branches of radial/ulnar nerves on their respective sides
33
Q

What are the 2 branches of a laterally located motor nerve in the anterior antebrachial region?

Describe their courses.

A

Superficial and deep branches of the radial nerve.

… bifurcate in the proximal part of the region.

Deep branch pierces supinator + becomes posterior interosseous nerve.

Superficial branch runs under brachioradialis with radial artery.

34
Q

What 2 nerves pierce a fascia in the anterior carpal region to reach the palm?

A

Palmar branches of ulnar and median nerves…

pierce the antebrachial fascia

35
Q

What structure on the ulnar side transmits two things from the forearm to the hand in the anterior carpal region?

What two things?

A

Guyon’s Canal

  • transmits ulnar artery and nerve
36
Q

What passage in the middle of the anterior carpal region transmits several structures to the hand/wrist?

What covers it?

What is its “floor”?

What structures (4)?

A

Carpal Tunnel covered by the flexor retinaculum transmits…

  1. Median Nerve
  2. Flexor Digitorum Sup. Tendons
  3. FD Profundus Tendons
  4. Flexor Pollicis Longus Tendon

(FDS/P tendons in common tendinous sheath)

37
Q

What innervates the skin of the palmar region?

A

Median Nerve - from thumb to radial side of ring finger + palm

Ulnar Nerve, sup. branch - from pinkie to ulnar side of ring finger + palm

38
Q

What CT structure covers the palm of the hand?

It has extensions which subdivide the hand into compartments.

What are the extensions (less important) and the compartments they create (important)?

A

Palmar Aponeurosis

  • gives off medial, intermediate, and lateral palmar septa to divide palm into…
  • Thenar Eminence (thumb side)
  • Mesothenar/Central Compartment
  • Hypothenar Eminence (pinky side)
39
Q

What are the two arterial arches of the palm?

And what arteries contribute to them?

A

Superficial Palmar Arch - formed by ulnar artery and closed on radial side by superficial palmar branch of radial artery

Deep Palmar Arch - formed by radial artery and closed on ulnar side by deep palmar branch of ulnar artery

40
Q

Which palmar arch supplies most of the fingers?

Via what branches?

A

Superficial Palmar Arch

gives off the…

Common Palmar Digital Arteries

which each branch into two…

Proper Palmar Digital Arteries

on either side of each finger.

41
Q

What arteries, which supplies radial-side digits, branches off the deep palmar arch?

A

Princeps Pollicis Artery

radial indicis artery to the index finger

42
Q

What hand muscles does the ulnar nerve innervate?

Via what branch?

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve leaves Guyon’s canal to innervate…

  1. ALL Hypothenar muscles
    • Flexor digiti minimi brevis
    • Abductor digiti minimi
    • Adductor digiti minimi
  2. Adductor Pollicis
  3. Deep Head, Flexor Pollicis Brevis
  4. Interossei
  5. Lumbricals 3 + 4
43
Q

List the thenar muscles from superficial to deep.

And hypothenar muscles, superficial to deep.

A
  • Abductor Pollicis Brevis
  • Flexor Pollicis Brevis (sup. + deep heads)
  • Opponens Pollicis
  • Adductor Pollicis

Same pattern for hypothenar: Abductor –> Flexor –> Opponens (no adductor)

44
Q

What is the fascia of the anterior cubital region?

What muscle-connected structure is related to it?

A

cubital fascia

  • the bicipital aponeurosis radiates in the medial edge of the fascia
45
Q

What are the nerves and vessels found in the anterior forearm in radioulnar order?

A

Remember NANAN

  1. Radial N., sup. branch (–> dorsal side in distal 1/3)
  2. Radial Artery (under brachioradialis)
  3. Median Nerve (btwn 2 pr. teres heads > btwn fl. digitorum mm.)
  4. Ulnar Artery
  5. Ulnar Nerve (N + V under the FC Ulnaris)

Y Anatomy IV (18 decks)

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