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ANAT241 > MSK5 L18 - Leg and Ankle > Flashcards

MSK5 L18 - Leg and Ankle Flashcards

1
Q

What roles do the foot and ankle have in stability?

2

A
  • stable base to support body weight during stance and locomotion
  • rigid lever for effective push-off during gait
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2
Q

What roles do the foot and ankle have in mobility?

3

A
  • influences other joints
  • flexible for shock absorption
  • conform to changing surfaces
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3
Q

What is the name of the joint where the tibia and fibula articulate proximally? What kind of joint is this?

A

superior tibiofibular joint

synovial joint

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4
Q

What is the name of the joint where the tibia and fibula articulate distally? What kind of joint is this?

A

inferior tibiofibular joint

syndesmosis - fibrous joint with limited movement

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5
Q

What is the layer between the tibia and fiula called?

A

Interosseous membrane

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6
Q

What ligaments strengthen the inferior tibiofibular joint?

2

A
  • anterior tibiofibular ligament
  • posterior tibiofibular ligament
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7
Q

What are the names of the 7 tarsals?

A
  • talus
  • calcaneus
  • cuboid
  • navicular
  • cuneiform medial
  • cuneiform intermediate
  • cuneiform lateral
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8
Q

What are the three arches of the foot?

A
  • medial longitudinal
  • lateral longitudinal
  • transverse
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9
Q

What purposes do the arches of the foot have?

3

A
  • stability and flexibility
  • absorb and distribute force
  • aid propulsion
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10
Q

What kind of joint is the ankle?

A

hinge joint

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11
Q

What movements can the ankle perform?

A

plantarflexion/dorsiflexion

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12
Q

What bones form the ankle socket?

A
  • medial malleolus (tibia)
  • lateral malleolus (fibula)
  • inferior surface of the distal end of tibia
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13
Q

What tarsal do the tibia and fibula both articulate with?

A

talus

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14
Q

What is the name of the joint between the talus and calcaneus?

A

subtalar joint

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15
Q

What movements happen at the subtalar joint?

A

inversion and eversion

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16
Q

What movements happen at the subtalar joint?

A

inversion and eversion

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17
Q

What movements happen at the subtalar joint?

A

inversion and eversion

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18
Q

What function do the lateral collateral ligaments have?

A

restrict inversion

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19
Q

What function do the medial collateral (deltoid) ligaments have?

A

restricts eversion

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20
Q

Which of the collateral ligaments is strongest?

A

medial collateral (deltoid) ligament, lateral is commonly damaged in ankle sprain

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21
Q

What are the leg muscle compartments?

A
  • anterior (lateral ish)
  • lateral (lateral)
  • deep (middle of leg)
  • posterior (and medial ish)
  • superficial (soleus ish)
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22
Q

What muscle causes plantarflexion?

A

gastrocnemius

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23
Q

Where does the gastrocnemius originate?
Where does it insert?

A
  • originates at the medial and lateral femoral condyles
  • inserts at the calcaneus via the calcaneal (Achilles) tendon
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24
Q

What are the functions of the gastrocnemius at the knee and ankle? What role does it have in gait?

A
  • flexion at the knee
  • plantarflexion at the ankle
  • propulsion in gait
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25
Q

What nerve innervates the gastrocnemius?

A

tibial

26
Q

T or F?
The soleus crosses the knee joint

A

False, the soleus is deep to the gastrocnemius and doesn’t cross the knee

27
Q

Where does the soleus originate?

3

A
  • tibia and fibula
  • interosseous membrane
28
Q

Where does the soleus insert?

A

calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon

29
Q

What are the functions of the soleus at the knee and ankle? What is it important for?

A
  • no function at the knee
  • plantarflexion at the ankle
  • important for posture during standing and for propulsion during gait
30
Q

What nerve innervates the soleus?

A

tibial

31
Q

What are tendons held in place by?

A

retinaculum (fibrous tissue)

32
Q

What do tendons have associated with them to reduce friction?

A

bursae

33
Q

What 3 muscles compose the posterior compartment of the leg?

A
  • tibialis posterior
  • flexor digitorum longus (FDL)
  • flexor hallicus longus (FHL)
34
Q

Where do the tendons of the muscles of the posterior muscle compartment of the leg pass over?

A

the medial malleolus

35
Q

What action do the deep flexors perform at the ankle?

A

plantarflexion, all muscles

36
Q

What action do the deep flexors cause at the toes?

What muscles cause the movement?

A
  • flexion of the big toe by FHL
  • flexion of other toes by FDL
37
Q

What group of muscles stabilise the medial longitudinal arch?

A

deep flexors (FDL, FHL, TP) and anterior leg muscles (TA, EDL, EHL)

38
Q

What ligament supports the head of the talus? What helps to increase support to maintain the medial arch?

A

spring ligament, tibialis posterior tendon

39
Q

What causes flat foot deformity?

A

if the srping ligament ruptures, it cannot support the head of the talus anymore. could be due to ruptured TP tendon as a result of aging, trauma or denervation

40
Q

What three muscles compose the anterior muscle compartment?

A
  • tibialis anterior (TA)
  • extensor digitorum longus (EDL)
  • extensor hallicus longus (EHL)
41
Q

Where does the tibialis anterior insert?

A

medial cuneiform, base of 1st metatarsal

42
Q

Where does the EDL insert?

A

distal phalanges of toes 2-5

43
Q

Where does the EHL insert?

A

distal phalanx big toe

44
Q

Where do the anterior muscle compartments tendons pass under?

A

extensor retinacula

45
Q

What movement does the anterior muscle compartment cause at the ankle?

A

dorsiflexion - all muscles

46
Q

What movement does the anterior muscle compartment cause at the toes?

A

extension of the hallux (EHL) and toes (EDL)

47
Q

What joint uses the tibialis anterior to cause inversion?

A

subtalar

48
Q

What two muscles compose the lateral compartment?

A
  • fibularis (peroneus) longus
  • fibularis (peroneus) brevis
49
Q

Where do the lateral compartment muscles originate?

A

fibula

50
Q

Where does the fibularis (peroneus) longus insert?

A

base of the 1st metatarsal (passes under foot)

51
Q

Where does the fibularis (peroneus) brevis insert?

A

base of the 5th metatarsal

52
Q

What arch do the lateral compartment muscles help stabilise?

A

transverse

53
Q

What movement do the lateral compartment muscles cause at the ankle?

A

weak plantarflexion (both muscles)

54
Q

What movement do the lateral compartment muscles cause at the subtalar joint?

A

eversion (both muscles)

55
Q

What arch do both the lateral compartment muscles stabilise?

A

longitudinal

56
Q

What arch do both the lateral compartment muscles stabilise?

A

longitudinal

57
Q

What arch does the fibularis longus stabilise?

A

transverse, due to it’s course along plantar surface of foot)

58
Q

Why is arch support important?

A

for stability when weight bearing

59
Q

What muscles tendons support the medial longitudinal arch? What aspect of the foot?

A
  • TA
  • TP
  • long toe flexor tendons (when walking)

medial aspect

60
Q

What muscles tendons support the lateral longitudinal arch? Which aspect of the foot?

A
  • fibularis longus
  • fibularis brevis

lateral aspect

61
Q

What muscles tendos support the transverse arch? On which aspect of the foot?

A
  • fibularis longus
  • small intrinsic muscles of the foot

ANAT241 (18 decks)

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