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ANAT241 > MSK3 L16 - Pelvic Girdle and Hip > Flashcards

MSK3 L16 - Pelvic Girdle and Hip Flashcards

1
Q

3 functions of the lower limb

A
  • movement and bipedal locomotion
  • weight bearing
  • force transmission
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2
Q

4 regions of the lower limb

A
  • gluteal
  • thigh
  • leg
  • foot
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3
Q

What movements occur through this plane?

Sagittal

A

flexion and extension

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4
Q

What movements occur through this plane?

Coronal/frontal

A

abduction and adduction

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5
Q

What movements occur through this plane?

Transverse

A

rotation

internal/medial and external/lateral

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6
Q

What movements occur through this plane?

All

A

circumduction

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7
Q

What is the 1st tissue in the lower limb?

Superficial –> deep

A

skin

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8
Q

What is the 2nd tissue in the lower limb?

Superficial –> deep

A

Superficial fascia

layer of fibrous tissue

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9
Q

What is the 3rd tissue in the lower limb?

Superficial –> deep

A

deep fascia

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10
Q

What is the 4th tissue in the lower limb?

Superficial –> deep

A

muscle

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11
Q

What is the 5th tissue in the lower limb?

Superficial –> deep

A

bone

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12
Q

What do muscles in a compartment share?

A
  • a common function
  • common blood and nerve supply
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13
Q

Nervous system: three plexuses

A
  • cervical
  • brachial
  • lumbosacral
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14
Q

What part of the body does this plexus supply?

Cervical

A

the neck

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15
Q

What part of the body does this plexus supply?

Brachial

A

the upper limb

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16
Q

What part of the body does this plexus supply?

Lumbosacral

A

lower limb

formed by anterior rami of L1-S4

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17
Q

All muscles need a nerve…

Three main nerves for lower limb?

A
  • sciatic
  • femoral
  • obturator

plus gluteal nerves

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18
Q

Arterial supply

What names does the abdominal artery change to from approx the lumbar spine to the femur?

abdominal artery –> _____ –> _____ –> _____ –> _____

A

abdbominal artery –> common iliac artery –> internal iliac artery –> external iliac artery –> femoral artery

deep veins of the same name accompany the arteries, joints and skin also recieve vascular supplies

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19
Q

Veins function?

A

to return deoxygenated blood back towards the heart

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20
Q

Features of veins

  • veins have _ blood pressure
  • … blood in the lower limb needs to move … …
  • veins have … to prevent … against …
A
  • low
  • venous, against gravity
  • valves, backflow, gravity
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21
Q

Two mechanisms help venous blood movements

what are they called?

A
  • arteriovenous pump
  • musculovenous pump
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22
Q

What does the arteriovenous pump do?

A

arterial pulse helps warm and push blood in accompanying veins

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23
Q

What does the musculovenous pump do?

A

when skeletal muscles contract, muscle swells and the expansion helps propel venous blood

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24
Q

Limbs two venous systems

A
  • superficial
  • deep
25
Q

Where is this venous system?

Superficial

A

outside of the deep fascia

26
Q

Where is this venous system?

Deep

A

inside the muscle compartment

27
Q

Two major superficial veins in the lower limb?

A
  • great saphenous
  • small saphenous
28
Q

Two major superficial veins in the lower limb?

A
  • great saphenous
  • small saphenous
29
Q

What vein does this major vein empty into?

Great saphenous

A

into the femoral vein

30
Q

What vein does this major vein empty into?

Small saphenous

A

into the popliteal vein

31
Q

What can happen when valves fail?

What condition

A

varicose vein

32
Q

Pelvic girdle definition?

… … connected by … … and … …

A

osteoligamentous ring connected by sacroiliac joint (SIJ) and pubic symphysis

33
Q

Pelvic girdle consists of?

3 things

A
  • sacrum
  • hip bones
  • many ligaments
34
Q

Pelvic girdle articulates with?

give anatomical direction

A
  • laterally = femora x 2
  • inferiorly = coccyx
  • superiorly = L5 (disc and vertebral body)
35
Q

Sacroiliac ligaments help stabilise the SIJ’s

Sacroiliac ligaments consist of

3

A
  • anterior
  • interosseous (between bone)
  • posterior
36
Q

Sacrum consists of

4 features

A
  • 5 fused vertebrae
  • sacral canal (superior)
  • sacral hiatus (inferior)
  • contains spinal nerves
37
Q

What vertebrae does the spinal cord end at?

A

L1/L2

38
Q

Look at an unlabeled image of a lateral view of the pelvis

Features of pelvis

lateral view (4)

A
  • gluteal lines
  • ischial spine
  • ischial tuberosity
  • acetabulum
39
Q

look at an unlabeled image of a medial view of the pelvis

Features of pelvis

medial view (6)

A
  • articular surface
  • iliac crest
  • iliac fossa
  • anterior superior iliac spine
  • anterior inferior iliac spine
  • obturator foramen
40
Q

Pelvis consists of 3 bones

A
  • ilium
  • ischium
  • pubis
41
Q

Ischial tuberosity

attaches? movements caused? (2)

A

hamstrings
- extends thigh
- flexes knee

42
Q

What is the obturator foramen covered by?

A

obturator membrane

43
Q

What passes through the obturator foramen?

A

Obturator nerve vessels

44
Q

What is superior to the inguinal ligament?

relevance?

A

inguinal canal

relevance to inguinal hernia

45
Q

What is inferior to the inguinal ligament?

what happens here?

A

femoral artery

location for catheterisation

46
Q

functions of sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments

2

A
  • resists rotation of sacrum between hip bones
  • forms boundaries of greater and lesser sciatic foramina
47
Q

What structures exit through the greater sciatic foramen?

3

A
  • piriformis muscle
  • superior and inferior gluteal nerves and associated blood vessels
  • sciatic nerve
48
Q

What do the inferior gluteal nerves supply?

A

gluteal muscles

49
Q

What does the sciatic nerve supply?

2

A
  • posterior muscles of the thigh
  • all leg and foot muscles
50
Q

What muscles attach to the greater trochanter?

2

A
  • gluteus medius
  • gluteus minimus
51
Q

What muscles attach to the lesser trochanter?

2

A
  • psoas major
  • iliacus
52
Q

Bony components of hip joint?

2

A
  • head of femur
  • acetabulum
53
Q

Functions of hip joint?

4

A
  • links lower limb to pelvis
  • transmits upper body weight to lower limb
  • designed for stability (most stable joint)
  • 2nd most movable joint in the body
54
Q

Two layers of joint capsule?

name, tissue

A
  • outer, fibrous layer
  • inner, synovial membrane
55
Q

Where does the joint capsule attach?

A
  • margin of the acetabulum
  • femoral neck
56
Q

Joint capsule is reinforced by ligaments

Functions of capsular ligaments?

3

A
  • stabilises and strengthens the joint
  • all ligaments are tight with hip extension e.g. in standing
  • energy efficiency
57
Q

Capsular ligaments?

3, identify which is strongest

A
  • iliofemoral (Y-shaped, strongest)
  • ischiofemoral
  • pubofemoral
58
Q

What is the acetabular labrum?

A

fibrocartilage structure, attached to the rim of the acetabulum

59
Q

What does the acetabular labrum do?

A

it increases the articular area by ~10%, thus helps to fit the femoral head to the acetabulum

ANAT241 (18 decks)

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