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ANAT241 > MSK3 L16 - Pelvic Girdle and Hip > Flashcards

MSK3 L16 - Pelvic Girdle and Hip Flashcards

1
Q

3 functions of the lower limb

A
  • movement and bipedal locomotion
  • weight bearing
  • force transmission
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2
Q

4 regions of the lower limb

A
  • gluteal
  • thigh
  • leg
  • foot
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3
Q

What movements occur through this plane?

Sagittal

A

flexion and extension

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4
Q

What movements occur through this plane?

Coronal/frontal

A

abduction and adduction

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5
Q

What movements occur through this plane?

Transverse

A

rotation

internal/medial and external/lateral

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6
Q

What movements occur through this plane?

All

A

circumduction

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7
Q

What is the 1st tissue in the lower limb?

Superficial –> deep

A

skin

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8
Q

What is the 2nd tissue in the lower limb?

Superficial –> deep

A

Superficial fascia

layer of fibrous tissue

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9
Q

What is the 3rd tissue in the lower limb?

Superficial –> deep

A

deep fascia

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10
Q

What is the 4th tissue in the lower limb?

Superficial –> deep

A

muscle

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11
Q

What is the 5th tissue in the lower limb?

Superficial –> deep

A

bone

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12
Q

What do muscles in a compartment share?

A
  • a common function
  • common blood and nerve supply
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13
Q

Nervous system: three plexuses

A
  • cervical
  • brachial
  • lumbosacral
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14
Q

What part of the body does this plexus supply?

Cervical

A

the neck

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15
Q

What part of the body does this plexus supply?

Brachial

A

the upper limb

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16
Q

What part of the body does this plexus supply?

Lumbosacral

A

lower limb

formed by anterior rami of L1-S4

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17
Q

All muscles need a nerve…

Three main nerves for lower limb?

A
  • sciatic
  • femoral
  • obturator

plus gluteal nerves

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18
Q

Arterial supply

What names does the abdominal artery change to from approx the lumbar spine to the femur?

abdominal artery –> _____ –> _____ –> _____ –> _____

A

abdbominal artery –> common iliac artery –> internal iliac artery –> external iliac artery –> femoral artery

deep veins of the same name accompany the arteries, joints and skin also recieve vascular supplies

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19
Q

Veins function?

A

to return deoxygenated blood back towards the heart

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20
Q

Features of veins

  • veins have _ blood pressure
  • … blood in the lower limb needs to move … …
  • veins have … to prevent … against …
A
  • low
  • venous, against gravity
  • valves, backflow, gravity
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21
Q

Two mechanisms help venous blood movements

what are they called?

A
  • arteriovenous pump
  • musculovenous pump
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22
Q

What does the arteriovenous pump do?

A

arterial pulse helps warm and push blood in accompanying veins

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23
Q

What does the musculovenous pump do?

A

when skeletal muscles contract, muscle swells and the expansion helps propel venous blood

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24
Q

Limbs two venous systems

A
  • superficial
  • deep
25
Where is this venous system? | Superficial
outside of the deep fascia
26
Where is this venous system? | Deep
inside the muscle compartment
27
Two major superficial veins in the lower limb?
- great saphenous - small saphenous
28
Two major superficial veins in the lower limb?
- great saphenous - small saphenous
29
What vein does this major vein empty into? | Great saphenous
into the femoral vein
30
What vein does this major vein empty into? | Small saphenous
into the popliteal vein
31
What can happen when valves fail? | What condition
varicose vein
32
Pelvic girdle definition? | ... ... connected by ... ... and ... ...
osteoligamentous ring connected by sacroiliac joint (SIJ) and pubic symphysis
33
Pelvic girdle consists of? | 3 things
- sacrum - hip bones - many ligaments
34
Pelvic girdle articulates with? | give anatomical direction
- laterally = femora x 2 - inferiorly = coccyx - superiorly = L5 (disc and vertebral body)
35
# Sacroiliac ligaments help stabilise the SIJ's Sacroiliac ligaments consist of | 3
- anterior - interosseous (between bone) - posterior
36
Sacrum consists of | 4 features
- 5 fused vertebrae - sacral canal (superior) - sacral hiatus (inferior) - contains spinal nerves
37
What vertebrae does the spinal cord end at?
L1/L2
38
# Look at an unlabeled image of a lateral view of the pelvis Features of pelvis | lateral view (4)
- gluteal lines - ischial spine - ischial tuberosity - acetabulum
39
# look at an unlabeled image of a medial view of the pelvis Features of pelvis | medial view (6)
- articular surface - iliac crest - iliac fossa - anterior superior iliac spine - anterior inferior iliac spine - obturator foramen
40
Pelvis consists of 3 bones
- ilium - ischium - pubis
41
Ischial tuberosity | attaches? movements caused? (2)
hamstrings - extends thigh - flexes knee
42
What is the obturator foramen covered by?
obturator membrane
43
What passes through the obturator foramen?
Obturator nerve vessels
44
What is superior to the inguinal ligament? | relevance?
inguinal canal | relevance to inguinal hernia
45
What is inferior to the inguinal ligament? | what happens here?
femoral artery | location for catheterisation
46
functions of sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments | 2
- resists rotation of sacrum between hip bones - forms boundaries of greater and lesser sciatic foramina
47
What structures exit through the greater sciatic foramen? | 3
- piriformis muscle - superior and inferior gluteal nerves and associated blood vessels - sciatic nerve
48
What do the inferior gluteal nerves supply?
gluteal muscles
49
What does the sciatic nerve supply? | 2
- posterior muscles of the thigh - all leg and foot muscles
50
What muscles attach to the greater trochanter? | 2
- gluteus medius - gluteus minimus
51
What muscles attach to the lesser trochanter? | 2
- psoas major - iliacus
52
Bony components of hip joint? | 2
- head of femur - acetabulum
53
Functions of hip joint? | 4
- links lower limb to pelvis - transmits upper body weight to lower limb - designed for stability (most stable joint) - 2nd most movable joint in the body
54
Two layers of joint capsule? | name, tissue
- outer, fibrous layer - inner, synovial membrane
55
Where does the joint capsule attach?
- margin of the acetabulum - femoral neck
56
# Joint capsule is reinforced by ligaments Functions of capsular ligaments? | 3
- stabilises and strengthens the joint - all ligaments are tight with hip extension e.g. in standing - energy efficiency
57
Capsular ligaments? | 3, identify which is strongest
- iliofemoral (Y-shaped, strongest) - ischiofemoral - pubofemoral
58
What is the acetabular labrum?
fibrocartilage structure, attached to the rim of the acetabulum
59
What does the acetabular labrum do?
it increases the articular area by ~10%, thus helps to fit the femoral head to the acetabulum

ANAT241 (18 decks)

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