L25 Flashcards
what fills the pleural cavity?
serous fluid
what holds the parietal and visceral pleurae together?
negative intrapleural pressure
what is the ‘stretch’ of the lungs?
movement of the thoracic wall
what lines the thoracic cavity?
parietal pleura
what kind of parietal pleura extends above the superior thoracic aperture?
cervical
what kind of parietal pleura covers the inner surface of the thoracic wall?
costal
what kind of parietal pleura covers the upper surface of the diaphragm?
diaphragmatic
what kind of parietal pleura covers the lateral surface of the mediastinum?
mediastinal
what is a pleural recess also known as?
reflection
what is a pleural recess?
2 layers of parietal pleura
what are the two layers of parietal pleura that make up the pleural recess?
costodiaphragmatic, costomediastinal
where are the apex of the lungs located in the thorax?
deep to clavicle, above first rib
where are the bases of the lungs located in the thorax?
sitting on the diaphragm
what are 3 features of the mediastinal surface of the lungs?
concave impressions, root and hilum, pulmonary ligament
on what lung is the concave impression larger and why?
left due to the heart
what structures enter/exit the lung through the root/hilum?
pulmonary arteries, primary arteries, primary bronchii
what enters the lungs through the pulmonary arteries?
deoxygenated blood
what exits the lungs through the pulmonary veins?
oxygenated blood
what supports the primary bronchii?
cartilage
where are the pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins and primary bronchii in relation to each other in the hilum?
arteries lie superiorly, veins inferiorly, bronchi posteriorly
what is the hilum of the lung?
depression on medial surface where structures forming the root enter the mediastinal surface of the lungs
what is the pulmonary ligament?
a double layer of pleura inferior to the root
what is the pulmonary ligaments function?
to accommodate the superior-inferior translation of the lung root during breathing
what separates the lobes of the lungs?
connective tissue
what do bronchial arteries supply?
the lung tissue and visceral pleura
what supplies the parietal pleura?
thoracic wall arteries
do the bronchial arteries participate in gas exchange?
no
what percent of blood in the lungs is in the pulmonary circuit?
99%
what percent of blood in the lungs is in the bronchial circuit?
1%
what may the two left bronchial arteries and single right bronchial arteries arise from?
the posterior intercostal arteries
what do the bronchial veins drain the lungs of?
deoxygenated blood
where do the bronchial veins drain from?
the larger bronchi, visceral pleura and area of the lung near the hilum
what does the larynx turn into?
primary bronchi
what is a carina?
cartilage where the trachea separates into the bronchi
at what standing level of the spine is the carina?
T4/T5
how many C-shaped cartilage rings come before the carina?
16 - 20
what kind of cartilage are the cartilage rings?
hyaline
what is the purpose of the cartilaginous rings on the trachea?
prevents collapse
what kind of muscle is the trachealis?
smooth
what is the trachealis muscles function?
decreases diameter
what is each 2˚ bronchi associated with?
each lobe of the lungs
what is each of the 3˚ bronchi associated with?
lobe segments
what is the brief clinical importance of the bronchopulmonary segments?
can prevent spread of disease in lungs if other segments are still functioning and have their own bronchi
