MSK4 L17 - Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Thigh

Question 1

What names does the femoral artery have as it moves inferiorly?

common name and scientific name

Answer 1

deep femoral artery

profunda femoris

Question 2

What are the boundaries of the femoral triangle?

give anatomical direction

Answer 2

• inguinal ligament - superiorly (base)
• adductor longus - medially
• sartorius - laterally

Question 3

What are the contents of the femoral triangle?

from medial to lateral

Answer 3

• V = femoral vein
• A = femoral artery
• N = femoral nerve

VAN

Question 4

What name does the external iliac artery have once it has passed through the inguinal ligament?

Answer 4

femoral artery

Question 5

What is the main blood supply to the thigh muscles?

Answer 5

deep femoral artery and vein

has perforating branches wrapping around the femur

Question 6

What does the femoral artery pass through (which is where?), and what artery does it become?

Answer 6

passes through the adductor hiatus (in adductor magnus), and becomes the popliteal artery

Question 7

What artery runs behind the knee?

What is this area called and what shape is it?

Answer 7

Popliteal artery is in the popliteal fossa

diamond shaped

Question 8

What are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa?

give anatomical direction

Answer 8

• semimembranosus = medial side
• semitendinosus = medial side
• biceps femoris = lateral side
• gastrocnemius = inferior sides

Question 9

What is inside the popliteal fossa?

Answer 9

• popliteal vein
• popliteal artery
• popliteal nerve
• common fibular nerve

Question 10

What are the lower limbs three main nerves?

Answer 10

• sciatic (tibial and common fibular)
• femoral
• obturator

plus gluteal nerves

Question 11

Where does the fmoral nerve emerge?

Answer 11

between psoas major and iliacus

Question 12

Where does the femoral nerve go from, through and to?

Answer 12

passes from the pelvis into the anterior thigh under the inguinal ligament, runs through the femoral triangle with the femoral artery and femoral vein

Question 13

What does the femoral nerve innervate?

2

Answer 13

• muscles in the anteiror thigh
• skin in the anterior thigh and medial leg

Question 14

What does injury of the femoral nerve lead to?

Answer 14

weakness/difficulty in hip flexion and/or knee extension

Question 15

Where does the obturator nerve go from, through and to?

Answer 15

exits the pelvis into the medial thigh through the obturator foramen (hole in pelvis by ischium)

Question 16

What does the obturator nerve innervate?

Answer 16

muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh

Question 17

Where does the sciatic nerve enter and what through?

Answer 17

enters the posterior thigh through the greater sciatic foramen

Question 18

What causes piriformis syndrome?

Answer 18

if the sciatic nerve pierces through the piriformis muscle

Question 19

What does the sciatic nerve innervate?

Answer 19

• posterior thigh muscles
• all leg muscles
• all foot muscles

Question 20

Where does the sciatic nerve branch and what into?

give anatomical direction

Answer 20

branches by the knee into
- tibial nerve (medially)
- common peroneal (laterally)

Question 21

What does the superior gluteal nerve innervate?

Answer 21

hip abductors

Question 22

Main functions of hip abductors?

2

Answer 22

• maintain a level pelvis during single leg stance
• hip abduction and internal rotation

Question 23

What causes the dropping of the contralateral pelvis?

Answer 23

injury to the superior gluteal nerve

Question 24

What does the inferior gluteal nerve innervate?

Answer 24

gluteus maximus

Question 25

What is the main function of gluteus maximus

Answer 25

hip extension

Question 26

What are symptoms of an inferior gluteal nerve causes?

Answer 26

- not much impact on walking - difficulty in getting up from a chair or climbing stairs

Question 27

What are the origins of the iliopsoas hip flexor? | 2

Answer 27

- iliacus = iliac fossa and crest - psoas = vertebrae

Question 28

Where does the iliopsoas insert?

Answer 28

lesser trochanter

Question 29

What are the functions of the iliopsoas hip flexor? | 2

Answer 29

- flexes hip - flexes trunk if legs fixed

Question 30

What nerve innervates the iliopsoas?

Answer 30

femoral as femoral nerve goes through anterior part of the thigh

Question 31

What are the four muscles that make up the quadriceps? | and identify them

Answer 31

- rectus femoris = big middle one - vastus medialis = medial one - vastus intermedialis = under rectus femoris - vastus lateralis = lateral one

Question 32

What tendon covers the knee and what is it called between the patella and tibia?

Answer 32

Quadricep tendon covers the knee and attaches to the tibial tuberosity on the tibia, between the patella and tibial tuberosity it is called the patellar tendon

Question 33

Where does the rectus femoris originate?

Answer 33

anterior inferior iliac spine

Question 34

Where does the rectus femoris insert?

Answer 34

combines with the other three quadriceps to form the quadriceps femoris tendon that passes over the patella then attaches to the tibial tuberosity | part of tendon from patella to tibial tuberosity = patellar tendon

Question 35

Functions of the rectus femoris? | 2, where they act

Answer 35

- flexion at hip joint - extension at knee joint

Question 36

What nerve innervates the rectus femoris?

Answer 36

Femoral nerve = anterior thigh

Question 37

Where does the sartorius originate?

Answer 37

anterior superior iliac spine

Question 38

Where does the sartorius insert?

Answer 38

medial side tibia

Question 39

What are the functions of the sartorius? | 2, where do they act

Answer 39

- flexion, abduction, external rotation at the hip - flexion at the knee

Question 40

What nerve innervates the sartorius?

Answer 40

femoral

Question 41

Where does the gluteus maximus originate? | 3 locations

Answer 41

- pelvis - sacrum - coccyx

Question 42

Where does the gluteus maximus insert? | 2

Answer 42

- gluteal tuberosity - iliotibial band

Question 43

What is the function of the gluteus maximus?

Answer 43

hip extension | e.g. climbing steps, changing from sitting to standing

Question 44

What is the name for the nerve and blood supply for the gluteus maximus?

Answer 44

inferior gluteal

Question 45

Where do the hamstrings attach proximally?

Answer 45

ischial tuberosity

Question 46

What are the three groups that make up the hamstrings?

Answer 46

- semitendinosus - semimembranosus - biceps femoris

Question 47

Where does the semimembranosus insert?

Answer 47

tibia

Question 48

Where does the semitendinosus insert?

Answer 48

tibia

Question 49

Where does the biceps femoris insert?

Answer 49

head of fibula

Question 50

what are the funcitons of the hamstrings? | what actions can be performed?

Answer 50

- extension at the hip - flexion at the knee - rotation at the knee

Question 51

What muscle causes lateral rotation at the knee?

Answer 51

biceps femoris

Question 52

What muscles cause medial rotation at the knee?

Answer 52

semitendinosus and semimembranosus

Question 53

What nerve supplies the hamstrings?

Answer 53

tibial nerve | excluding the short head of biceps femoris

Question 54

What actions cause most hamstrings injuries in sports?

Answer 54

sudden acceleration or deceleration | e.g. sprinting or kicking balls

Question 55

What muscles cause hip abduction?

Answer 55

- gluteus medius - gluteus minimus - tensor fascia lata

Question 56

What is the origin of the gluteus medius and minimus?

Answer 56

- ilium

Question 57

What is the origin of the tensor fascia lata?

Answer 57

ASIS and iliac crest

Question 58

What are the functions of the hup abductors? | 3

Answer 58

- hip joint abduction and internal rotation - maintain pelvis horizontal during single-leg stance - in case of muscle weakness or nerve injury - dropping of conttralateral pelvis (Trendelenburg sign/gait)

Question 59

What nerve and artery supply the hip abductors?

Answer 59

superior gluteal

Question 60

What muscles make up the hip adductors? | 5

Answer 60

- adductor brevis - adductor longus - adductor magnus (superior to inferior respectively) - pectineus - gracilis

Question 61

Where do the hip adductors originate?

Answer 61

pubic bone

Question 62

Where do the hip adductors insert?

Answer 62

femur

Question 63

What muscle has adductor and hamstring parts?

Answer 63

adductor magnus

Question 64

Where does the adductor magnus originate? | 2

Answer 64

- pubic bone - ischium

Question 65

Where does adductor magnus insert?

Answer 65

- femur - adductor tubercle

Question 66

# What is the adductor hiatus? Passage of the ... ... into the ... ... where the ... ... changes name to ... ...

Answer 66

Passage of the **femoral artery** into the **popliteal space** where the **femoral artery** changes name to **popliteal artery**

Question 67

What are the funcitons os the hip adductors? | 1.5

Answer 67

- to adduct the thigh - adductor longus contributes to hip flexion