MSK4 L17 - Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Thigh Flashcards
What names does the femoral artery have as it moves inferiorly?
common name and scientific name
deep femoral artery
profunda femoris
What are the boundaries of the femoral triangle?
give anatomical direction
- inguinal ligament - superiorly (base)
- adductor longus - medially
- sartorius - laterally
What are the contents of the femoral triangle?
from medial to lateral
- V = femoral vein
- A = femoral artery
- N = femoral nerve
VAN
What name does the external iliac artery have once it has passed through the inguinal ligament?
femoral artery
What is the main blood supply to the thigh muscles?
deep femoral artery and vein
has perforating branches wrapping around the femur
What does the femoral artery pass through (which is where?), and what artery does it become?
passes through the adductor hiatus (in adductor magnus), and becomes the popliteal artery
What artery runs behind the knee?
What is this area called and what shape is it?
Popliteal artery is in the popliteal fossa
diamond shaped
What are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa?
give anatomical direction
- semimembranosus = medial side
- semitendinosus = medial side
- biceps femoris = lateral side
- gastrocnemius = inferior sides
What is inside the popliteal fossa?
- popliteal vein
- popliteal artery
- popliteal nerve
- common fibular nerve
What are the lower limbs three main nerves?
- sciatic (tibial and common fibular)
- femoral
- obturator
plus gluteal nerves
Where does the fmoral nerve emerge?
between psoas major and iliacus
Where does the femoral nerve go from, through and to?
passes from the pelvis into the anterior thigh under the inguinal ligament, runs through the femoral triangle with the femoral artery and femoral vein
What does the femoral nerve innervate?
2
- muscles in the anteiror thigh
- skin in the anterior thigh and medial leg
What does injury of the femoral nerve lead to?
weakness/difficulty in hip flexion and/or knee extension
Where does the obturator nerve go from, through and to?
exits the pelvis into the medial thigh through the obturator foramen (hole in pelvis by ischium)
What does the obturator nerve innervate?
muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh
Where does the sciatic nerve enter and what through?
enters the posterior thigh through the greater sciatic foramen
What causes piriformis syndrome?
if the sciatic nerve pierces through the piriformis muscle
What does the sciatic nerve innervate?
- posterior thigh muscles
- all leg muscles
- all foot muscles
Where does the sciatic nerve branch and what into?
give anatomical direction
branches by the knee into
- tibial nerve (medially)
- common peroneal (laterally)
What does the superior gluteal nerve innervate?
hip abductors
Main functions of hip abductors?
2
- maintain a level pelvis during single leg stance
- hip abduction and internal rotation
What causes the dropping of the contralateral pelvis?
injury to the superior gluteal nerve
What does the inferior gluteal nerve innervate?
gluteus maximus
What is the main function of gluteus maximus
hip extension
What are symptoms of an inferior gluteal nerve causes?
- not much impact on walking
- difficulty in getting up from a chair or climbing stairs
What are the origins of the iliopsoas hip flexor?
2
- iliacus = iliac fossa and crest
- psoas = vertebrae
Where does the iliopsoas insert?
lesser trochanter
What are the functions of the iliopsoas hip flexor?
2
- flexes hip
- flexes trunk if legs fixed
What nerve innervates the iliopsoas?
femoral as femoral nerve goes through anterior part of the thigh
What are the four muscles that make up the quadriceps?
and identify them
- rectus femoris = big middle one
- vastus medialis = medial one
- vastus intermedialis = under rectus femoris
- vastus lateralis = lateral one
What tendon covers the knee and what is it called between the patella and tibia?
Quadricep tendon covers the knee and attaches to the tibial tuberosity on the tibia, between the patella and tibial tuberosity it is called the patellar tendon
Where does the rectus femoris originate?
anterior inferior iliac spine
Where does the rectus femoris insert?
combines with the other three quadriceps to form the quadriceps femoris tendon that passes over the patella then attaches to the tibial tuberosity
part of tendon from patella to tibial tuberosity = patellar tendon
Functions of the rectus femoris?
2, where they act
- flexion at hip joint
- extension at knee joint
What nerve innervates the rectus femoris?
Femoral nerve = anterior thigh
Where does the sartorius originate?
anterior superior iliac spine
Where does the sartorius insert?
medial side tibia
What are the functions of the sartorius?
2, where do they act
- flexion, abduction, external rotation at the hip
- flexion at the knee
What nerve innervates the sartorius?
femoral
Where does the gluteus maximus originate?
3 locations
- pelvis
- sacrum
- coccyx
Where does the gluteus maximus insert?
2
- gluteal tuberosity
- iliotibial band
What is the function of the gluteus maximus?
hip extension
e.g. climbing steps, changing from sitting to standing
What is the name for the nerve and blood supply for the gluteus maximus?
inferior gluteal
Where do the hamstrings attach proximally?
ischial tuberosity
What are the three groups that make up the hamstrings?
- semitendinosus
- semimembranosus
- biceps femoris
Where does the semimembranosus insert?
tibia
Where does the semitendinosus insert?
tibia
Where does the biceps femoris insert?
head of fibula
what are the funcitons of the hamstrings?
what actions can be performed?
- extension at the hip
- flexion at the knee
- rotation at the knee
What muscle causes lateral rotation at the knee?
biceps femoris
What muscles cause medial rotation at the knee?
semitendinosus and semimembranosus
What nerve supplies the hamstrings?
tibial nerve
excluding the short head of biceps femoris
What actions cause most hamstrings injuries in sports?
sudden acceleration or deceleration
e.g. sprinting or kicking balls
What muscles cause hip abduction?
- gluteus medius
- gluteus minimus
- tensor fascia lata
What is the origin of the gluteus medius and minimus?
- ilium
What is the origin of the tensor fascia lata?
ASIS and iliac crest
What are the functions of the hup abductors?
3
- hip joint abduction and internal rotation
- maintain pelvis horizontal during single-leg stance
- in case of muscle weakness or nerve injury - dropping of conttralateral pelvis (Trendelenburg sign/gait)
What nerve and artery supply the hip abductors?
superior gluteal
What muscles make up the hip adductors?
5
- adductor brevis
- adductor longus
- adductor magnus
(superior to inferior respectively) - pectineus
- gracilis
Where do the hip adductors originate?
pubic bone
Where do the hip adductors insert?
femur
What muscle has adductor and hamstring parts?
adductor magnus
Where does the adductor magnus originate?
2
- pubic bone
- ischium
Where does adductor magnus insert?
- femur
- adductor tubercle
What is the adductor hiatus?
Passage of the … … into the … … where the … … changes name to … …
Passage of the femoral artery into the popliteal space where the femoral artery changes name to popliteal artery
What are the funcitons os the hip adductors?
1.5
- to adduct the thigh
- adductor longus contributes to hip flexion
