MSK1 - L14

Question 1

what are the major structures of the axial skeleton? 5

Answer 1

skull, vertebrae and discs, ribs and cartilages, sacrum, coccyx

Question 2

what function does the skull provide the brain?

Answer 2

protection including brainstem

Question 3

what function does the skull provide the sensory organs?

Answer 3

protection

Question 4

what function does the skull provide the muscles involved in speech, chewing, eye movement and facial expression?

Answer 4

attachment sites

Question 5

what 2 kinds of joints can be found at the skull?

Answer 5

sutures (fibrous joints), and temporomandibular joint (synovial joint)

Question 6

what is the TMJ?

Answer 6

temporomandibular joint, condylar process of mandible connects to temporal bone

Question 7

what does the alveolar process house?

Answer 7

teeth

Question 8

what is the ramus?

Answer 8

the flat part of the mandible that goes up to the condylar process

Question 9

what part of the mandible is the coronoid process?

Answer 9

anterior to condylar process

Question 10

what part of the mandible is the body?

Answer 10

inferior to the alveolar process

Question 11

what kind of bones make up the viscerocranium?

Answer 11

facial bones

Question 12

what are the singular bones of the viscerocranium?

Answer 12

mandible, ethmoid, vomer

Question 13

what are the paired bones of the viscerocranium?

Answer 13

maxillae, zygomatic, palatine, nasal, lacrimal, inferior nasal conchae

Question 14

what are the singular bones of the neurocranium?

Answer 14

frontal, ethmoid, occipital, sphenoidal

Question 15

what are the paired bones of the neurocranium?

Answer 15

temporal, parietal

Question 16

what are the 3 processes of the zygomatic arch?

Answer 16

frontal, maxillary, temporal

Question 17

what is the external acoustic meatus?

Answer 17

ear canal in temporal bone

Question 18

what is the smaller version of the mastoid process found deep in the skull?

Answer 18

styloid process

Question 19

frontal bone forms/is part of which two walls of the skull?

Answer 19

anterior and superior

Question 20

what does the supraorbital notch/foramen contain?

Answer 20

supraorbital vein, artery and nerve

Question 21

parietal bones form/ are part of which two walls of the skull?

Answer 21

lateral and superior

Question 22

what muscle is the temporal line a muscle attachment for?

Answer 22

temporalis

Question 23

what do the parietal bones contribute to that is a particularly weak part of the skull?

Answer 23

the pterions i.e. temples

Question 24

how many cranial bones articulate at the pterions?

Answer 24

4

Question 25

what are the 4 features of each temporal bone?

Answer 25

a mandibular fossa for TMJ, mastoid and styloid processes, zygomatic process, internal and external acoustic meatus

Question 26

what walls of the cranial vault are formed by/part of occipital bone?

Answer 26

posterior wall and floor

Question 27

what are 3 features of the occipital bone?

Answer 27

external occipital protuberance, occipital condyles, foramen magnum

Question 28

where is the external occipital protuberance and what is it for?

Answer 28

at the back of the head for muscle and ligament attachment

Question 29

what fossa does the sphenoid contain?

Answer 29

hypophyseal/pituitary fossa

Question 30

what is the perforation in the ethmoid bone for?

Answer 30

olfactory nerve

Question 31

what does the ethmoid bone connect to?

Answer 31

upper part of nasal cavity

Question 32

what is the main feature of the sphenoid bone?

Answer 32

hypophyseal/pituitary fossa

Question 33

what bones create the anterior cranial fossa?

Answer 33

frontal/facial and ethmoid

Question 34

what bones create the middle cranial fossa?

Answer 34

sphenoid and temporal

Question 35

what bones create the posterior cranial fossa?

Answer 35

occipital

Question 36

what are the 3 main functions of the vertebral column?

Answer 36

protection, keeps torso upright, muscle and ligament attachment sites

Question 37

what does the vertebral column protect?

Answer 37

spinal cord and spinal nerves

Question 38

what attaches to the vertebral column to allow bipedalism

Answer 38

pelvic girdle

Question 39

what is the pedicle of a lumbar vertebrae?

Answer 39

small part between body and transverse process

Question 40

what part of a lumbar vertebrae is the lamina?

Answer 40

connects the transverse and spinous processes

Question 41

what part of a lumbar vertebrae are the articular processes?

Answer 41

upward processes that articulate with the vertebrae superior

Question 42

what is the bifurcated spinous process for on the cervical vertebrae?

Answer 42

nuchal ligament

Question 43

through what does the vertebral artery travel in the cervical vertebrae?

Answer 43

transverse foramina

Question 44

what is C1 called?

Answer 44

atlas

Question 45

what is C2 called?

Answer 45

axis

Question 46

what is the name of the joint that causes the head to move up and down?

Answer 46

atlanto-occipital joint

Question 47

what features of a typical vertebrae does the atlas not have?

Answer 47

body and spinous process

Question 48

what is the name of the joint that causes the head to move side to side?

Answer 48

atlantoaxial joint