MSK1 - L14 Flashcards
what are the major structures of the axial skeleton? 5
skull, vertebrae and discs, ribs and cartilages, sacrum, coccyx
what function does the skull provide the brain?
protection including brainstem
what function does the skull provide the sensory organs?
protection
what function does the skull provide the muscles involved in speech, chewing, eye movement and facial expression?
attachment sites
what 2 kinds of joints can be found at the skull?
sutures (fibrous joints), and temporomandibular joint (synovial joint)
what is the TMJ?
temporomandibular joint, condylar process of mandible connects to temporal bone
what does the alveolar process house?
teeth
what is the ramus?
the flat part of the mandible that goes up to the condylar process
what part of the mandible is the coronoid process?
anterior to condylar process
what part of the mandible is the body?
inferior to the alveolar process
what kind of bones make up the viscerocranium?
facial bones
what are the singular bones of the viscerocranium?
mandible, ethmoid, vomer
what are the paired bones of the viscerocranium?
maxillae, zygomatic, palatine, nasal, lacrimal, inferior nasal conchae
what are the singular bones of the neurocranium?
frontal, ethmoid, occipital, sphenoidal
what are the paired bones of the neurocranium?
temporal, parietal
what are the 3 processes of the zygomatic arch?
frontal, maxillary, temporal
what is the external acoustic meatus?
ear canal in temporal bone
what is the smaller version of the mastoid process found deep in the skull?
styloid process
frontal bone forms/is part of which two walls of the skull?
anterior and superior
what does the supraorbital notch/foramen contain?
supraorbital vein, artery and nerve
parietal bones form/ are part of which two walls of the skull?
lateral and superior
what muscle is the temporal line a muscle attachment for?
temporalis
what do the parietal bones contribute to that is a particularly weak part of the skull?
the pterions i.e. temples
how many cranial bones articulate at the pterions?
4
what are the 4 features of each temporal bone?
a mandibular fossa for TMJ, mastoid and styloid processes, zygomatic process, internal and external acoustic meatus
what walls of the cranial vault are formed by/part of occipital bone?
posterior wall and floor
what are 3 features of the occipital bone?
external occipital protuberance, occipital condyles, foramen magnum
where is the external occipital protuberance and what is it for?
at the back of the head for muscle and ligament attachment
what fossa does the sphenoid contain?
hypophyseal/pituitary fossa
what is the perforation in the ethmoid bone for?
olfactory nerve
what does the ethmoid bone connect to?
upper part of nasal cavity
what is the main feature of the sphenoid bone?
hypophyseal/pituitary fossa
what bones create the anterior cranial fossa?
frontal/facial and ethmoid
what bones create the middle cranial fossa?
sphenoid and temporal
what bones create the posterior cranial fossa?
occipital
what are the 3 main functions of the vertebral column?
protection, keeps torso upright, muscle and ligament attachment sites
what does the vertebral column protect?
spinal cord and spinal nerves
what attaches to the vertebral column to allow bipedalism
pelvic girdle
what is the pedicle of a lumbar vertebrae?
small part between body and transverse process
what part of a lumbar vertebrae is the lamina?
connects the transverse and spinous processes
what part of a lumbar vertebrae are the articular processes?
upward processes that articulate with the vertebrae superior
what is the bifurcated spinous process for on the cervical vertebrae?
nuchal ligament
through what does the vertebral artery travel in the cervical vertebrae?
transverse foramina
what is C1 called?
atlas
what is C2 called?
axis
what is the name of the joint that causes the head to move up and down?
atlanto-occipital joint
what features of a typical vertebrae does the atlas not have?
body and spinous process
what is the name of the joint that causes the head to move side to side?
atlantoaxial joint
