MSK CBL Notes Flashcards
What are the features of osteoarthritis on X ray?
LOSS:
Loss of joint space,
Osteophytes,
Subchondral cysts,
Subarticular sclerosis
What can cause a Bakers cyst?
Rheumatoid arthritis
What is Felty’s syndrome?
Triad of Rheumatoid arthritis, splenomegaly and cytopenia.
What is Pagets disease of the bone?
Increased osteoclast and osteoblast activity resulting in disorganised bone formation. It can form deformities and increase the risk of malignancy
What are the microscopic features of osteoarthritis?
Fissuring, flaking, loss of articular cartilage and exposed subchondral bone.
What are the changes to the synovium in osteoarthritis?
Detritus synovium (mild villous hyperplasia and chronic inflammation)
What are the primary and secondary causes of osteoarthritis?
Primary - Unknown. Thought to be progressive damage leading to arthritis (could be trauma, sports etc)
Secondary - Develops after there is cartilage damage from another underlying causes such as gout, pagets diseases, acromegaly
What cells can be found in the synovial tissue in rhumatoid arthritis?
Lymphoid aggregates and plasma cells
What are the shapes of crystals in pseudogout?
Rhomboids
Why do NSAIDs increase the risk of peptic ulcers?
COX 1 in brain only. COX2 in brain and stomach. Normal function of COX is to inhibit acid production. NSAIDs inhibit COX and therefore prevent the inhibition of acid production so think about gastric protection with a PPI
What are some of the extra-articular features of rheumatoid arthritis?
- Amyloidosis which can cause a nephrotic syndrome.
- Anaemia of chronic disease,
- Rhumatoid nodules
- Reynaud’s phenomenon
- Episcleritis and scleritis,
- Pleural effusions containing rhumatoid factor,
- Pericardial effusion
What are the effects of NSAIDs?
SAK - Stomach, Asthma and Kidneys
