Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Glasgow Phase 3 > Causes of Fever in a Returning Traveller > Flashcards

Causes of Fever in a Returning Traveller Flashcards

1
Q

What are the most causes of fever in the following countries:
* Sub-saharan Africa
* South Central Asia
* Southeast Asia

A
  • Sub-Saharan Africa - P. falciparum
  • South Central Asia - Enteric Fever
  • Southeast Asia - Dengue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How is malaria diagnosed?

A
  • Antigen testing
  • Blood films (thick and thin)
  • PCR (more common)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the different parasites causing malaria?

A
  • P. vivax, P. ovale, P.malariae, P.knowlsei, P. falciparum
  • Vivax and ovale have the ability to cause relapse due to hypnozoites which lay dormant.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the management of non falciparum malaria?

A
  • Artemether containing therapies (most common)
  • Oral chloroquine (blood stages)
  • Oral primaquine for hypnozoites
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the clinical features of severe falciparum malaria?

A
  • Impaired consciousness or seizures
  • Renal impairment
  • Lactic acidosis’
  • Hypoglycaemia
  • Pulmonary oedema
  • Anaemia
  • DIC
  • Shock
  • Haemoglobinuria
  • Parasitaemia >10% (>2% indicates an increased risk of progression to severe malaria)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the treatment for uncomplicated falciparum malaria

A
  • Supportive management (especially in groups at risk of progressing to severe: parasitaemia >2%, children, non immunes, elderly, pregnant women)
  • Artemether and lumafantrine
  • Quinine and doxycycline
  • Atovaquone and proguanil.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the treatment for severe falciparum?

A
  • Supportive management (Keep euvolaemic, monitor for hypoglycaemia, give antibiotics for secondary bacterial infections, haemofiltration if required, and treatment of seizures.)
  • Promt antimalarial treatment with IV artesunate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the causes of enteric fever?

A
  • Salmonella typhi,
  • Salmonella paratyphi
  • Human to human transmission as there are no animal reservoir
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of enteric fever

A
  • Occurs from consuming contaminated water or food
  • It travels through the GI and is absorbed by endoreticular system and then into the blood, causing a bacteraemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the clinical features of enteric fever

A
  • Incubation period is around 5 - 21 days
  • Starts with fever, myalgia, headache, cough, abdo pain, constipation or diarrhoea (similar to malaria)
  • Can progress to septic shock and death
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How is the diagnosis of enteric fever made?

A
  • Travel history (area visited, food and drink, vaccination status)
  • Blood culture x2 is most sensitive and should always be done before antibiotics. Stool culture is less sensitive and serology has poor sensitivity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the treatment for enteric fever

A
  • Quinolones which are the most effective but increasing resistance
  • Cephalosporins (require longer therapy)
  • Azithromycin

Ceftriaxone or azithromycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe features of dengue fever

A
  • Caused by ades mosquitoes which are well adapted to living in densily populated and polluted areas. Day biting occurs and have an incubation period of 5-14 days
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the clinical features of dengue fever

A
  • headache
  • Fever
  • Retro-orbital pain
  • Arthralgia/myalgia
  • Rash
  • (less common are cough, sore throat, nausea, diarrhoea)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the laboratory findings in dengue fever and treatment

A
  • Leucopenia
  • Thrombocytopenia
  • Transaminitis
  • treatment is supportive
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is dengue haemorrhagic fever?

A
  • A rare complication of dengue fever.
  • It causes increased vascular permability causing oedema, thrombocytopenia, fever and bleeding
17
Q

What are the different viral haemorrhagic fevers

A

Lassa - Caused by contacts with rats
Ebolla/Marburg - contact with bats
Crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever - contacts with ticks
South american HF,
Rift Valley fever, DHF and yellow fever - all caused by contacts with mosquitoes

18
Q

Explain the clinical presentation of a patient with viral haemorrhagic fever

A
  • 21 day incubation period
  • Followed by non specific febril illness
  • Haemorrhagic manifestations
  • Followed by sepsis then death
19
Q

What are the treatments for viral haemorrhagic fever?

A
  • Supportive
  • Coreect coagulopathy/anaemia
  • Ebola antivirals
  • Ribavirin?

Glasgow Phase 3 (148 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions