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MED221A/B Lectures > MSK 23 - Posterior compartment of leg and popliteal fossa > Flashcards

MSK 23 - Posterior compartment of leg and popliteal fossa Flashcards

1
Q

what is the popliteal fossa

A

diamond shaped space behind the knee where structures pass through on their way from the thigh to the leg and foot

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2
Q

what are the margins of the popliteal fossa

lateral, medial and inferior

A

biceps femoris (lateral)
semimembranosus and semitendinosus (medial)
medial and lateral heads of gastrocnemius (inferior)

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3
Q

what 4 structures run in the popliteal fossa

A

popliteal artery and vein

tibial nerve

common peroneal nerves

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4
Q

name the contents of the popliteal fossa from deep to superficial - 4 structures

A

knee joint capsule
popliteal artery
popliteal vein
tibial nerve

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5
Q

of the vessels and nerves which is the deepest structure in the popliteal fossa

A

the popliteal artery

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6
Q

which is the most medial structure in the popliteal fossa

A

popliteal artery

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7
Q

what is the path of the femoral artery down the leg

A

goes down the anterior part of the leg

passes through adductor hiatus

becomes popliteal artery in posterior of leg

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8
Q

the common peroneal/fibula nerve follows which tendon into which compartment

A

follows biceps tendon

into lateral compartment

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9
Q

what structure does the common peroneal/fibula nerve loop around as it passes into the lateral compartment

A

fibula head

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10
Q

the superficial branch of the tibial nerve exits the popliteal fossa and travels down which part of the leg associated with which muscle to become the sural nerve

A

travels down posterior aspect of leg on gastrocnemius

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11
Q

the superficial branch of the tibial nerve is which nerve

A

sural nerve

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12
Q

apart from the tibial nerve which nerve also gives a branch to the sural nerve

A

common peroneal nerve

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13
Q

what does the sural nerve innervate

A

cutaneous

provides sensation over the skin of back of the calf

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14
Q

the sural nerve runs with which vessel

A

small saphenous vein

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15
Q

what nerves form the sural nerve

A

tibial and some common peroneal

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16
Q

the saphenous nerve runs with which vessel

A

the great saphenous vein

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17
Q

the saphenous nerve branches off which nerve

A

femoral nerve

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18
Q

what does the saphenous nerve innervate

A

cutaneous

part of the skin of the medial calf

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19
Q

what is the path of the great saphenous vein down the leg

A

runs down medial side of leg and joints femoral vein through gap in the fascia lata

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20
Q

what structures are at risk in a posterior knee dislocations

A

neurovascular structures

popliteal artery, vein and the tibial and common fibular nerves

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21
Q

what could happen when the posterior knee dislocation damages the neurovascular structures on the posterior knee

A

leg could become ischaemic and lose your leg

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22
Q

what are the 3 compartments of the leg

A

anterior
lateral
posterior (superficial and deep)

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23
Q

what are the 2 sub compartments in the posterior compartment of the leg

A

superficial and deep

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24
Q

all the muscles in the posterior compartment are innervated by which nerve

A

tibial nerve

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25
Q

what are the 3 superficial muscles of the leg’s posterior compartment

A

gastrocnemius

soleus

plantaris

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26
Q

what is the origin and insertion of gastrocnemius

A

origin = medial condyle of femur (medial head) and lateral condyle of femur (lateral head)

insertion = calcaneus via Achillies tendon

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27
Q

what is the action of gastrocnemius

A

plantarflex ankle

flex knee

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28
Q

what is the innervation of gastrocnemius

A

tibial nerve

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29
Q

which is the most superficial muscle in the legs posterior compartment

A

gastrocnemius

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30
Q

what is the origin and insertion of soleus

A

origin = superior 1/3 posterior fibula and posterior tibia

insertion = calcaneus via achilles tendon

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31
Q

what is the action of soleus

A

plantarflex ankle

32
Q

what is the innervation of soleus

A

tibial nerve

33
Q

what is the origin and insertion of plantaris

A

origin = superior to lateral head of gastrocnemius

insertion = calcaneus via achilles tendon

34
Q

what is the action of planataris

A

plantarflex ankle

35
Q

what is the innervation of plantaris

A

tibial nerve

36
Q

why is plantaris good for tendon grafts

A

because the muscle is very small with a very long tendon

37
Q

what are the 4 deep muscles of the leg’s posterior compartment

A

tibialis posterior
flexor digitorum longus
flexor hallucis longus
popliteus

38
Q

what nerve innervates the 4 deep muscles of the leg’s posterior compartment

A

tibial nerve

39
Q

what is the origin and insertion of the tibialis posterior

A

origin = posterior proximal tibia and fibula and interosseous membrane

insertion = navicular tuberosity, medial cuneiform and all bones of mid and hind foot

40
Q

what bone does the tibialis posterior tendon pass around in the foot

A

medial malleolus

41
Q

what is the action of tibialis posterior - 2 movements and one other thing

A

plantarflexes foot

inverts foot

reinforces arch of foot

42
Q

what is the origin and insertion of the flexor digitorum longus

A

origin = mid half of tibia

insertion = distal 4 lateral phalanges (4 toes NOT the big toe)

43
Q

what bone does the flexor digitorum longus tendon pass around in the foot

A

medial malleolus

44
Q

what is the action of the flexor digitorum longus - 2 movements and one other thing

A

flexes toes

plantarflexes ankle

reinforces arches of the foot

45
Q

what is the innervation of tibialis posterior

A

tibial nerve

46
Q

what is the innervation of flexor digitorum longus

A

tibial nerve

47
Q

what is the innervation of flexor hallucis longus

A

tibial nerve

48
Q

what is the innervation of popliteus

A

tibial nerve

49
Q

what is the origin and insertion of flexor hallucis longus

A

origin = inferior 2/3 of fibula and interosseous membrane

insertion = distal phalanx great toe

50
Q

what is the action of flexor hallucis longus - 2 movements and one other thing

A

flexes great toe

plantarflexes ankle

reinforces arch of foot

51
Q

what is the innervation of popliteus

A

tibial nerve

52
Q

what is the origin and insertion of popliteus

A

origin = medial proximal tibia

insertion = lateral femoral condyle

53
Q

what is the action of popliteus - one movement and one other thing

A

medially rotates tibia

reinforces knee joint laterally

54
Q

where does the femoral artery enter the popliteal fossa

A

behind the knee

55
Q

what does the femoral artery become when it passes behind the knee

A

popliteal artery

56
Q

after the popliteal artery exists the fossa inferiorly it trifurcates into what 3 vessels

A

anterior tibial artery

posterior tibial artery

peroneal/fibular artery

57
Q

what does the anterior tibial artery go on to become

A

the dorsalis pedis artery

58
Q

what is the spatial orientation and path of the anterior tibial artery that makes it easier to identify

A

most lateral artery

has 90 degree bend

59
Q

the posterior tibial artery travels around what bone

A

goes around the medial malleolus

60
Q

the posterior tibial artery travels between what compartments

A

superficial and deep compartments

61
Q

what nerve and vein accompanies the posterior tibial artery

A

the tibial nerve and tibial vein

NOT the post tibial vein!!

62
Q

the posterior tibial artery divides into which 2 terminal branches

A

medial and lateral plantar arteries

63
Q

where are the medial and lateral plantar arteries located

A

in the sole of the foot

64
Q

where does the posterior tibial artery divides into its 2 terminal branches

A

at the foot

65
Q

the tibial nerve travels with which vessels

A

posterior tibial artery and vein

66
Q

where do the posterior tibial artery and nerve go

A

into the foot

67
Q

what is the path of the common peroneal nerve - what muscle does it travel along with and where does it end up

A

goes lateral along with bicep femoris around head of fibula to the anterior and lateral leg compartments

68
Q

where is the tarsal tunnel

A

between medial malleolus and calcaneus

69
Q

what structures run in the tarsal tunnel - 6 structures

A

tibialis posterior

flexor digitorum longus

posterior tibial artery

posterior tibial vein

tibial nerve

flexor hallucis longus

70
Q

what is significant about the way flexor hallucis longus travels

A

it crosses other tendons in the tarsal tunnel

71
Q

where can the Achilles tendon commonly snap - 3 places

A

at the musculotendinous junction

within tendon itself

where tendon attaches to calcaneus

72
Q

what are the 3 key points in the clinical presentation of achilles tendon injuries

A

like kicked in back of leg

audible snap

inability to push off - due to loss of plantarflexion

73
Q

if achilles tendon rupture occurs what position are they casted in when managed conservatively and why is this

A

casted in equinous position - plantaflexion

tendon isnt being stretched so closer together to heal faster

74
Q

what is the fabella and where is it located

A

sesamoid bone in tendon of lateral head of gastrocnemius

75
Q

what is venous thrombosis

A

formation of blood clots in deep leg veins

76
Q

when does venous thrombosis occur

A

slow blood flow

increased coagulability

damage to epithelium

77
Q

what veins have valves in the legs and how do they work

A

deep veins have valves

muscle contracts and squashes vein

pressure increase causes veins to open and blood flow only goes one way if competent valves

MED221A/B Lectures (23 decks)

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