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MED221A/B Lectures > MSK 05 - The axilla and brachial plexus > Flashcards

MSK 05 - The axilla and brachial plexus Flashcards

1
Q

what makes up the three borders of the apex of the axilla

A

clavicle

superior border of scapula

1st rib

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2
Q

what are the two muscles denoted on the 1st rib/medial boder of the apex of the axilla

A

ant and mid scalene muscles

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3
Q

how do the venous drainage, arterial supply and nerves run in relation to the scalene muscles

A

venous drainage runs out infront of the ant scalene muscle

arterial and nerve supply runs between the ant and mid scalene muscles

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4
Q

where is the axilla in terms of what structures does it sit between

A

between chest wall and free limb

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5
Q

what two walls join together to form the lateral wall of the axilla

A

anterior and posterior

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6
Q

what makes up the base of the axilla

A

the axillary fascia

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7
Q

what muscle(s) denote the medial wall of the axilla

A

serratus anterior

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8
Q

what anatomy(s) denote the lateral wall of the axilla

A

floor of the intertubercular groove

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9
Q

what muscle(s) and anatomy denote the posterior wall of the axilla (4)

A

latissimus dorsi

teres major

subscapularis

superior border of scapula

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10
Q

in the axial view what muscle(s) denote the anterior wall of the axilla (2)

A

pectoralis major

short head of biceps and coracobrachialis

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11
Q

in the sagittal view what anatomy and muscle(s) denote the anterior wall of the axilla (5)

A

subclavius

pectoralis minor and major

clavicle

costocoracoid ligament and membrane

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12
Q

what landmark denotes the change from axillary to subclavian and vice versa

A

the medial border of the 1st rib infront of the ant scalene muscle

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13
Q

what landmark denotes the change from axillary to brachial and vice versa

A

after passing below teres major

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14
Q

what spinal levels contribute to the brachial plexus for everyone

what are levels that some people have and others dont

A

C5-T1 for everyone

some have C4 and T2

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15
Q

describe the passage of anatomy from spinal cord to the anterior rami (4parts to it)

A

spinal cord -> posterior/dorsal and anterior/ventral rootlets -> posterior/dorsal (sensory) and anterior/ventral roots (motor) -> spinal nerve (mixed sensory and motor) -> intervertebral foramen -> posterior rami (back), rami communicans (ANS sympathetic chain), or anterior rami (root of plexus)

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16
Q

at what point along the spinal cord to the anterior rami defines the change from CNS to PNS

A

at the intervertebral foramen

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17
Q

what is the progression of roots to terminal branches and how many of each are there

A

5 roots -> 3 trunks -> 6 divisions -> 3 cords -> 7 terminal branches

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18
Q

from the roots to the terminal branches describe them in relation to the clavicle

A

supraclavicular = roots and trunks

clavicle level = divisions

infraclavicular (axilla level) = cords and terminal branches

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19
Q

what roots make up the superior trunk

A

C5 and C6

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20
Q

what roots make up the middle trunk

A

C7

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21
Q

what roots make up the inferior trunk

A

C8 and T1

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22
Q

what roots does the long thoracic nerve come off

A

C5 and C6 and C7

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23
Q

what smaller nerve comes off C5 and C6

A

long thoracic nerve

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24
Q

what trunk does the C5 and C6 roots produce

A

superior

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25
what trunk does the C7 roots produce
middle
26
what trunk does the C8 and T1 roots produce
inferior
27
of the 3 cords which come off the anterior divisions and which come off the posterior divisions
lateral and medial cords - anterior divisions posterior cord = posterior division
28
what is the smaller nerve that comes off the lateral cord
lateral pectoral nerve
29
what are the 3 smaller nerves that comes off the posterior cord from closest to terminal branches to closer to divisions side
lower subscapular nerve, thoracodorsal nerve, upper subscapular nerve
30
what are the 3 smaller nerves that comes off the medial cord from closest to terminal branches to closer to divisions side
medial cutaneous nerve of arm, medial cutaneous nerve of forearm, medial pectoral nerve
31
what cords give off the musculocutaneous nerve
lateral
32
what cords give off the axillary nerve
posterior
33
what cords give off the radial nerve
posterior
34
what cords give off the median nerve
medial and lateral
35
what cords give off the ulnar nerve
medial
36
what are the cords named in relation to
the axillary artery
37
where does the smaller lateral pectoral nerve come off in the brachial plexus
lateral cord
38
where does the smaller medial pectoral nerve come off in the brachial plexus
medial cord
39
where does the smaller musculocutaneous nerves of the arm and forearm come off in the brachial plexus
medial cord
40
where does the smaller thoracodorsal nerve come off in the brachial plexus
posterior cord
41
where does the smaller upper and lower subscapular nerves come off in the brachial plexus
posterior cord
42
what trunks make up the lateral cord
anterior superior and middle trunks
43
what trunks make up the medial cord
anterior inferior trunk
44
where does the smaller suprasapular nerve come off in the brachial plexus
superior trunk
45
where does the smaller subclavicular nerve come off in the brachial plexus
superior trunk
46
what are the 3 arm muscles innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve
coracobrachialis biceps brachii brachialis
47
which arm compartment does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate
anterior compartment
48
once the musculocutaneous nerve has fulfilled its motor supply what sensory component of the cutaneous component is it named
lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm
49
which areas of skin does the lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm supply
skin on lateral side of anterior and posterior forearm
50
what muscles in the arm does the median nerve innervate
nothing in the arm
51
what 7 muscles in the forearm does the median nerve innervate
pronator teres flexor carpi radialis palmaris longus flexor digitorium superficialis flexor digitorium profundus (radial side) flexor pollicis longus pronator quadratus
52
what 5 muscles in the hand does the median nerve innervate
thenar muscles x3 1st and 2nd lumbricals
53
what compartments does the median nerve innervate in the forearm
about 75% of the lateral side, anterior compartment
54
what side does the median nerve innervate in the hand
around 25% of the lateral side
55
what is the median nerves cutaneous distribution on the anterior side
first 3 digits and half of 4th digit of the anterior hand and the finger tips of digits 1-3 and half of 4 on the posterior side of the hand
56
what is the ulnar nerves cutaneous distribution on the anterior side
5th digit and half of 4th digit both anteriorly and posteriorly on the hand
57
what 2 muscles in the forearm does the ulnar nerve innervate
flexor carpi ulnaris flexor digitorum profundus (ulnar side)
58
what 4 muscles in the hand does the ulnar nerve innervate
3 hypothenar muscles palmaris brevis all dorsal and palmar interossei 3rd and 4th lumbricals
59
what compartments does the ulnar nerve innervate in the forearm
about 25% of the medial side, anterior compartment
60
what compartments does the ulnar nerve innervate in the hand
about 75% of the medial side of the hand
61
what 2 muscles does the axillary nerve innervate
teres minor deltoid
62
what is the cutaneous distribution of the superior lateral cutaneous nerve of arm
oblique stripe running down posterior of humeral neck area
63
once the axillary nerve has fulfilled its motor supply what sensory component of the cutaneous component is it named
superior lateral cutaneous nerve of arm
64
What are the 5 muscles of the arm that are innervated by the radial nerve
Lateral head of triceps Long head of triceps Medial head of triceps Anconeus Brachiaoradialis
65
What are the 10 muscles of the forearm that are innervated by the radial nerve
Extensor carpi radialus longus Extensor carpi radialus breves Supinator Extensor digitorum Extensor carpi ulnaris Extensor pollicis longus Extensor indicis Abductor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis
66
What compartment of the arm does the radial nerve innervate
Posterior
67
What compartment of the forearm does the radial nerve innervate
Posterior
68
What part of the hand does the radial nerve innervate
Radial nerve does not innervate anything in the hand
69
What part of the arm and forearm and hand does the radial nerve’s cutaneous distribution supply
Middle stripe of posterior arm and forearm Back of hand excluding the 5th and half of 4th digit and the fingertips of the1st to half of 4th digit
70
What do lymph nodes produce
White blood cells
71
What is lymph
Fluid lost from capillaries is never fully recovered and this excess tissue fluid is collected by lymph system and returns it to the nervous system
72
What vein along the Axilla facilitates mild lymph drainage
Cephalon vein
73
Most of the lymph from the free limb is collected in which node
Humeral/brachial node
74
What are the 3 distal lymph nodes in the axilla
Humeral/brachial node Subscapular nodes Pectoral nodes
75
Most of the lymph from the breast drains into which node
Pectoral node
76
What aren sentinel nodes
Biopsy made in these nodes to check that cancer isn’t spreading eg pectoral node
77
What do the Humeral/brachial nodes, subscapular nodes and pectoral nodes drain into
Central nodes
78
What does the central node feed into
Apical nodes
79
the axillary artery is divided into three sections based on what borders of which muscle how many arterial branches come off each section
divided by superior border of pec min and inferior border of pec min section 1 (closest to subclavian) = 1 branch section 2 = 2 branch section 3 (closest to brachial artery) = 1 branch
80
what is the artery that branches off from the first section (closest to the subclavian) of the axillary artery
supreme/superior thoracic artery
81
what are the two artery branches that come off the middle section (section 2) of the axillary artery
thoracoacromial artery (more proximal) thoracic artery (more distal)
82
what is the arterial branch coming off section 3 of the axillary artery
subscapular artery
83
which part of the body does the superior thoracic artery supply
upper medial wall of the axilla
84
which part of the body does the pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial artery supply
anterior wall of axilla
85
which part of the body does the subscapular artery supply
posterior wall of the axilla
86
which part of the body does the lateral thoracic artery supply
lower medial wall of the axilla
87
what artery supplies the upper medial wall of the axilla
superior thoracic artery
88
what artery supplies the anterior wall of the axilla
pectoral branch of thoracoacromial artery
89
what artery supplies the posterior wall of the axilla
subscapula artery
90
what artery supplies the lower medial wall of the axilla
lateral thoracic artery
91
what are the two branches that come off the thyrocervical trunk (branches off the subclavian artery)
dorsal scapular artery (more superior) suprascapular artery (more inferior of the two)
92
what do the dorsal scapular artery and suprascapular artery anastomose with
circumflex humerus artery
93
what artery supplies the base of the axilla
thoracodorsal artery from the subscapular artery
94
what does the thoracodorsal artery stem off and what does it supply
stems off subscapular artery supplies the base of the axilla
95
what does the circumflex scapular artery stem off and what does it supply
stems off subscapular artery supplies the back of the scapula
96
what are the two small branches that come off the axillary artery that wrap around the humerus
anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries
97
what does the circumflex humeral arteries supply
lateral wall of the axilla
98
which arteries supply the lateral wall of the axilla
anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries
99

MED221A/B Lectures (23 decks)

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