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MED221A/B Lectures > MSK 04 - The nervous system overview > Flashcards

MSK 04 - The nervous system overview Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two components of the CNS

A

brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

what does the CNS do with information

A

receives sensory information -> interprets information -> elicits response

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3
Q

what makes up the PNS

A

all other nervous tissue in body (eg peripheral spinal nerves, cranial nerves etc)

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4
Q

what does the PNS do with information

A

sends message to muscles and organs -> receptor sends info back to CNS

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5
Q

what is the ANS and what does it control

A

part of the CNS and PNS that subconsciously controls viscera and organs

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6
Q

is sensory info afferent/efferent

A

afferent

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7
Q

is motor info afferent/efferent

A

efferent

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8
Q

what are the two branches of motor command in the flow diagram

A

somatic NS and autonomic NS

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9
Q

what are the two divisions of ANS in the flow diagram

A

parasympathetic and sympathetic NS

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10
Q

what does the parasympathetic NS and sympathetic NS

A

controls organs and glands

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11
Q

what does the somatic NS control

A

skeletal muscle

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12
Q

what are the two things that feed into the sensory afferent info pathway

A

visceral and somatic sensory receptors

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13
Q

what does the somatic sensory receptors relay info about

A

muscles, body position and skin sensations

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14
Q

what does the visceral sensory receptors relay info about

A

organs and viscera

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15
Q

what is the definition of a neural cortex

A

grey matter layer on brain surface

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16
Q

what is the definition of a centre

A

neuron cell body group in CNS that shares a common function

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17
Q

what is the definition of a nucleus

A

CNS center with distinct anatomical boundaries -usually in brainstem

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18
Q

what is the definition of a tract

A

axon bundle in CNS that shares a common origin, destination, and function (motor and sensory axons are in different tracts)

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19
Q

what is the definition of a column

A

tract group in specific area of spinal cord that relates to a specific function

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20
Q

what is the definition of a nerve

A

axon bundle in the PNS that can be sensory and motor mixed

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21
Q

why is the spine curved

A

curve keeps the centre of gravity over the centre of the body and above the pelvis

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22
Q

as you go down from c spine to l spine what happens to the degree of support and mobility

A

decrease mobility, increase support

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23
Q

how do the spinal nerve emerge from the c, t, and l spines

A

c spines nerves 1-7 emerge above corresponding vertebrae

c8 and all T and L nerve emerge below corresponding vertebrae

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24
Q

what is spinal cord enlargement based on

A

size of section and grey/white matter based on amount of sensory info coming in from area and area being controlled

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25
where are the spinal cord enlargements in the spine
c spine and l spine due to limb information
26
is the ventral or dorsal grey matter larger
ventral
27
is ventral in charge of motor or sensory
motor
28
is dorsal in charge of motor or sensory
sensory
29
what is the progression of the two stages preceding the spinal nerve
dorsal/ventral rootlet -> dorsal/ventral root -> spinal nerve (mixed motor and sensory)
30
where does the spinal cord end - what structure, vertebral level
conus medullaris at L1/2 level
31
what does the spinal cord become once it ends
cauda equina
32
what is the filum terminale's role
anchors spinal cord to the coccyx
33
what are the three meninges layers from outer to inner and where is the subarachnoid space
dura mater arachnoid mater subarachnoid space pia mater
34
what is contained in the subarachnoid space
CSF
35
what is the denticulum ligament's role and what does it do
connects the pia mater and dura mater thus holds the spinal cord steady in the CSF so that it doesnt move in the CSF
36
how do you tell that a injury is a peripheral nerve injury
one level is broken and dysfunctional while levels above and below it still function
37
how do you tell that a injury is a spinal cord injury
all function is lost below level that is broken
38
in terms of the myotome what is C4 myotome responsible for
shoulder extension
39
in terms of the myotome what is C5 myotome responsible for
elbow flexion
40
in terms of the myotome what is C6 myotome responsible for
wrist extension
41
in terms of the myotome what is C7 myotome responsible for
elbow extension
42
in terms of the myotome what is C8 myotome responsible for
finger flexion
43
in terms of the myotome what is T1 myotome responsible for
finger abduction
44
in terms of the myotome what is L2 myotome responsible for
hip flexion
45
in terms of the myotome what is L3 myotome responsible for
knee extension
46
in terms of the myotome what is L4 myotome responsible for
ankle dorsiflexion
47
in terms of the myotome what is L5 myotome responsible for
long toe extension
48
in terms of the myotome what is S1 myotome responsible for
ankle plantar flexion
49
what areas of the spinal cord levels are part of the symapthetic nervous system
level T1 - L2 of spinal cord
50
what are chain ganglia
ganglia that are located close to the spinal cord
51
what are collateral ganglia
ganglia that are located away from the spinal cord nearer to the organs
52
what components make up the parasympathetic nervous system
cranial nerves and sacral spinal cord
53
what are the 3 pathways for pre-ganglionic fibres in the sympathetic autonomic nervous system and where do they innervate/go to in the body
A. synapse with chain post gangilia = goes to viscera B. NO synapse = goes to thorax and head organs C. synapse with collateral post ganglia = goes to abdominal organs
54
in the peripheral nervous system: when motor commands leave the somatic motor section of the ventral horn where do they travel to - 3 parts of the journey
ventral root -> spinal nerve -> dorsal ramus (back)/ventral ramus (body walls and limbs) -> skeletal muscle
55
in the peripheral nervous system: when motor commands leave the visceral motor section of the ventral horn where do they travel to - 2 parts of the journey of the PREganglionic fibres before they synapse at the symapthetic ganglion
preganglionic fibres exits via ventral root -> white ramus -> symapthetic ganglion
56
in the peripheral nervous system: what are the 2 pathways that the preganglionic fibres can go through when they have reached the sympathetic ganglion
synapse with post ganglionic fibres dont synapse with post ganglionic fibres
57
in the peripheral nervous system: if the presympathetic ganglionic fibres synapse with post ganglionic fibres what are the 3 structures it passes through if it takes the gray ramus route and what do they innervate
post gang fibre -> grey ramus -> dorsal ramus (back)/ventral ramus (visceral organs) -> innervates smooth muscle and glands
58
in the peripheral nervous system: if the presympathetic ganglionic fibres synapse with post ganglionic fibres what are the 2 structures it passes through if it takes the symapth nerve route and what do they innervate
post gang fibre -> sympathetic nerve -> innervates smooth muscle. glands, and visceral organs of the thoracic cavity
59
in the peripheral nervous system: if the presympathetic ganglionic fibres DO NOT synapse with post ganglionic fibres what are the 3 structures it passes through and what do they innervate
pre gang fibre -> sympathetic nerve -> synapse w collateral ganglia -> innervate abdominal-pelvic viscera
60
what are the 3 neuron arrangement rules in the sensory tract of the somatic nervous system
1. different info travels in diff parts of the spinal cord 2. lower body info travels medially on spinal cord 3. somatotopic arrangement = info from different body regions travel seperately
61
for the sensory tract pathway of the somatic nervous system fill in the gaps 1st order neuron -> ____ -> _____ -> _____ -> ______ -> ______ -> cerebral cortex
1st order neuron -> sensory tract -> brainstem -> decussates -> 2nd order neuron -> 3rd order neuron (thalamus) -> cerebral cortex
62
in the somatic nervous system, for the descending motor tracts what are the 4 tracts in control of the subconscious commands
rubrospinal tract medial reticulospinal tract tectospinal tract vestibulospinal tract
63
in the somatic nervous system, for the descending motor tracts what are the 2 areas in control of the conscious commands
anterior corticospinal tract lateral corticospinal tract
64
what does the lateral corticospinal tract control
skeletal muscle
65
what does the rubrospinal tract control
upper limb (voluntary)
66
what does the tectospinal tract control
reflexive change in response to stimuli
67
what does the vestibulospinal tract control
motor command reflex to correct posture and balance
68
in the somatic nervous system, for the descending motor tracts what controls the 4 tracts responsible for subconscious commands
brainstem
69
for the motor tract pathway of the somatic nervous system fill in the gaps (for the side that does not decussate) upper motor neuron -> ____ -> synapse with ____ -> _____
upper motor neuron -> brainstem -> synapse with cranial nerve nuclei -> skeletal muscle
70
for the motor tract pathway of the somatic nervous system fill in the gaps (for the side that decussates) upper motor neuron -> ____ -> decussates -> synapse with ____ -> ____
upper motor neuron -> brainstem -> decussate -> synapse with lower motor neurons -> skeletal muscle
71
for the peripheral nervous system describe the pathway of sensory info from somatic sensations to where it ends up at the somatic sensory section of the __ horn 4 parts
somatic sensations -> exteroceptors -> ventral (body wall and limbs) and dorsal (back) ramus -> spinal nerve -> dorsal root ganglion -> somatic sensory area of the dorsal horn
72
for the peripheral nervous system describe the pathway of sensory info from somatic sensations to where it ends up at the visceral sensory section of the __ horn (4 parts) what is the extra part that feeds into the spinal nerves
somatic sensations -> interoceptors -> ventral (body wall and limbs) and dorsal (back) ramus -> spinal nerve -> dorsal root ganglion -> somatic sensory area of the dorsal horn ventral root (visceral organs) -> rami communicates -> spinal nerves
73

MED221A/B Lectures (23 decks)

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