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MED221A/B Lectures > MSK 21 - Gluteal region and posterior thigh > Flashcards

MSK 21 - Gluteal region and posterior thigh Flashcards

1
Q

where does the gluteal region lie and what are its boundaries

A

posterior to the pelvis

superior border - iliac crests, inferior border - gluteal sulcus created by gluteus maximus muscle

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2
Q

the ASIS is in the same plane as what structure of the pelvis

A

pubic symphysis

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3
Q

what are the 3 pelvic bones

A

ilium

ischium

pubis

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4
Q

where do the 3 hip bones come together and fuse

A

at the acetabulum

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5
Q

what are the 2 pelvic ligaments

A

sacrospinous ligament

sacrotuberous ligament

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6
Q

what are the attachments of the sacrospinous ligament

A

inside of the sacrum to ischial spine

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7
Q

which pelvic ligament is more superficial/anterior

A

sacrotuberous ligament is more superficial/anterior than the sacrospinous ligament

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8
Q

what are the attachments of the sacrotuberous ligament

A

sacrum to the ischial tuberosity

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9
Q

the sacrotuberous ligament is continuous with what structure

A

with the posterior sacroiliac ligament

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10
Q

via the pelvis ligaments the ___ notch is converted into the greater and lesser sciatic foramen

A

the sciatic notch

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11
Q

the greater sciatic foramen allows passage of what structures to where

A

passage for all lower limb arteries and nerves out of the pelvis into the gluteal region

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12
Q

how many nerves, arteries and muscles pass through the greater sciatic foramen

A

7 nerves

3 arteries

1 muscle

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13
Q

the lesser sciatic foramen allows passage of what structures to where

A

passageway for structures entering/leaving the perineum

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14
Q

what nerve passes through the lesser sciatic foramen

A

pudendal nerve

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15
Q

what is the path of the pudendal nerve

A

pudendal nerve exits pelvis via greater sciatic foramen and enters pelvis again via lesser sciatic foramen

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16
Q

where is the origin and insertion of the gluteus maximus

A

origin = upper ilium, posterior sacrum and sacrotuberous ligament

insertion = iliotibial band and femoral tuberosity

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17
Q

what is the action of the gluteus maximus

A

extends and laterally rotates the hip when moving from sitting to standing up

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18
Q

what nerves supply the gluteus maximus - what spinal levels

A

inferior gluteal nerve

L5, S1 and S2 from sacral plexus

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19
Q

what artery supplies the gluteus maximus

A

inferior gluteal artery

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20
Q

where is the origin and insertion of the gluteus medius muscle

A

origin = iliuim (between the posterior and middle gluteal lines)

insertion = greater trochanter of femur

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21
Q

where is the origin and insertion of the gluteus minimus

A

origin = iliuim (between the inferior and middle gluteal lines)

insertion = greater trochanter of femur

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22
Q

what is the function of gluteus medius

A

abducts and internally rotates thigh

stabilizes pelvis when walking (maintains pelvis at level when standing on one leg during walking and holds leg stable while you lift the other leg)

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23
Q

what is the function of gluteus minimus

A

abducts and internally rotates thigh

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24
Q

what is the innervation of gluteus medius - what spinal levels

A

superior gluteal nerve

L4 L5 and S1

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25
Q

what is the innervation of gluteus minimus - what spinal levels

A

superior gluteal nerve

L4 L5 and S1

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26
Q

what is the origin and insertion of the tensor fascia lata

A

origin = ASIS and iliac crest

insertion = iliotibial band

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27
Q

what is the function of the tensor fascia lata

A

abductor of thigh

dynamically stabilizes pelvis when walking to prevent pelvis tilting to side of raised leg

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28
Q

what is the innervation of the tensor fascia lata - what spinal levels

A

superior gluteal nerve

L4, L5 and S1

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29
Q

what is the origin and insertion of the piriformis muscle

A

origin = anterior surface of sacrum and sacrotuberous ligament

insertion = greater trochanter

30
Q

what is the function of the piriformis

A

externally rotates thigh

31
Q

what is the innervation of piriformis

A

sacral plexus

32
Q

what is the origin and insertion of the oburator internus muscle

A

origin = obturator foramen

insertion = greater trochanter

33
Q

what is the function of the obturator internus

A

externally rotates thigh

34
Q

what is the innervation of the obturator internus

A

nerve to obturator internus via sacral plexus

35
Q

what is the origin and insertion of the superior and inferior gemelli

A

origin = ischial tuberosity and ischial spine

insertion = greater trochanter

36
Q

what is the function of the superior and inferior gemelli

A

externally rotates the thigh

37
Q

what is the innervation of the superior and inferior gemelli

A

superior = nerve to obturator internus

inferior = nerve to quadratus femoris

via sacral plexus

38
Q

what is the origin and insertion of quadratus femoris

A

origin = ischial tuberosity

insertion = quadrate tubercle (inter trochanteric crest of femur)

39
Q

what is the function of the quadratus femoris

A

externally rotate thigh

40
Q

what is the innervation to quadratus femoris

A

nerve to quadratus femoris via sacral plexus

41
Q

what are the 3.5 posterior thigh muscles called

A

hamstrings

42
Q

what are the 3.5 posterior thigh muscles

A

biceps femoris

semitendinosus

semimembranosus

43
Q

what is the origin and insertion of biceps femoris

A

origins = ischial tuberosity (long head) and linea aspera (short head)

insertion = head of fibula (both heads)

44
Q

what is the function of the biceps femoris

A

flexes and externally rotates leg at knee

extends thigh at hip

dynamic support for lateral side of knee stability

45
Q

what is the innervation of the biceps femoris - what spinal level

A

long head = sciatic nerve (tibial)

short head = peroneal nerve (L4-S2)

46
Q

all the posterior thigh muscles are innervated by which nerve - what is the exception

A

sciatic nerve (tibial)

except for short head bicep femoris (peroneal nerve)

47
Q

what is the main function of the posterior thigh muscles

A

extend thigh and flex knee

48
Q

what is the most lateral posterior thigh muscle

A

bicep femoris

49
Q

what is the insertion and origin of semimembranosus

A

origin = ischial tuberosity

insertion = medial condyle of tibia

50
Q

what is the insertion and origin of semitendonosis

A

origin = ischial tuberosity

insertion = pes ansernius (superior medial tibia)

51
Q

what is the function of the semimembranosus

A

flexes and internally rotates knee

extends thigh

52
Q

what is the function of the semitendinosus

A

flexes and internally rotates knee

extends thigh

53
Q

what is the innervation for semimembranosus

what spinal levels

A

tibial portion of sciatic nerve

L5, S1, S2

54
Q

what is the innervation for semitendinosus

what spinal levels

A

tibial portion of sciatic nerve

L5, S1, S2

55
Q

which of the following is more superficial

semimembranosus or semitendinosus

A

semitendinosus is superficial to semimembranosus

56
Q

what is side of the posterior leg are semimembranosus and semitendinosus located on

A

medial side

57
Q

what is the origin and insertion of adductor magnus

A

origin = inferior pubic ramus (adductor part) and ischial tuberosity (hamstring part)

insertion = adductor tubercle on femur

58
Q

what are the 2 parts of the adductor magnus

A

adductor part and hamstring part

59
Q

what is the function of adductor magnus

A

adducts thigh

extends thigh

60
Q

what is the innervation of adductor magnus

A

tibial portion of sciatic nerve

61
Q

what are the arteries and nerves arising above and below piriformis

A

superior and inferior gluteal arteries and nerves

62
Q

where does the sciatic nerve emerge in relation to muscles

A

inferiorly to piriformis’ lower border

63
Q

where does the posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh emerge from and what does it supply

A

emerges medial to sciatic nerve

supplies skin to back of thigh

64
Q

what structures is supplied by pudendal nerve

A

perineal structures

65
Q

the gluteal arteries arise from what artery

A

from the internal iliac arteries

66
Q

the superior and inferior gluteal arteries leave pelvis through what structure and how do they travel in relation to the piriformis

A

leave via greater sciatic foramen

pass superiorly and inferiorly to piriformis

67
Q

how does the internal pudendal artery leave the pelvis and what is its path

A

via greater foramen

hooks around ischial spine to enter pelvis via lesser sciatic foramen

68
Q

what do the superior and inferior gluteal arteries anastomose with

A

with the circumflex arteries

69
Q

what is the safe side to inject in the buttock

A

supero lateral part of buttock

70
Q

what is Trendelenburg gait and what causes this

A

caused by gluteus medius injury

weakened thigh abduction on affected side so when standing on affected leg the pelvis tilts down on unaffected side

MED221A/B Lectures (23 decks)

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