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MED221A/B Lectures > MSK 03 - Skin > Flashcards

MSK 03 - Skin Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 6 functions of skin

A

temperature control

immune organ/immunilogical surveillance

sensory organ

protective barrier

vitamin D synthesis

fluid balance

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2
Q

what are the 3 key changes in the evolution of human skin

A

hairy to hairless

darker skin

eccrine sweat glands

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3
Q

how does UV damage the skin - hint: vitamin

A

damages the folate essential vitamin

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4
Q

what are the 3 layers of skin from outermost to innermost

A

epidermis
dermis
(bloodvessels)
subcutaneous fat

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5
Q

what are the 4 layers of the epidermis outermost to innermost

A

stratum corneum
stratum granulosum
stratum spinosum
stratum basale

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6
Q

what does the stratum granulosum contain and what is its role

A

keratohyalin granules which release filaggrin - a moisturizing factor

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7
Q

what holds the stratum spinosum together and what happens when it is oedematous

A

desmosomes

it is pulled apart when oedematous

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8
Q

where is the basement membrane located

A

below the stratum basale of the epidermis

at the dermo-epidermal junction

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9
Q

where are the melanocytes located in relation to the epidermis

A

under the stratum basale on the basement membrane

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10
Q

how is melanin produced by melanocytes - link to cell structure

A

melanocytes are dendritic cells which forms melanin/pigment

melanin is passed down the dendrites and delivered to keratinocytes

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11
Q

how does melanin help with UV protection

A

it forms a cap on the nucleus of the keratinocyte cells

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12
Q

the balance of what two pigments determines the colour of skin

A

eumelanin and phaeomelanin

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13
Q

what is kertain

A

protein forming skin, hair and nails

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14
Q

what is the purpose of the dermis - two things

A

structure and nutritional support

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15
Q

what are the 5 components of the dermis

A

mucopolysaccharides
elastin
collagen
cells
vessels

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16
Q

what are the 4 examples of cells in the dermis

A

macrophages
fibroblasts
dermal dendritic cells
mast cells

17
Q

what are the 3 functions of the subcutaneous fat

A

insulation
biologically active - produces hormones
energy source

18
Q

what are the 8 parts of the nail from most distal to proximal

A

nail plate
hyponychium
lateral nail fold
lunula
eponychium
cuticle
proximal nail fold
matrix

19
Q

what is the lunula in the nail and why is it important

A

it is part of the matrix and part of the growing area of the nail

20
Q

what is the hyponychium

A

where the finger ends

21
Q

what is the matrix of the nail in terms of where it extends to

A

extends far beyond skin

22
Q

what is the cuticle’s role in the nail

A

protects the nail

23
Q

what is interesting about the matrix of the nail and cancer

A

it contains melanocytes so can develop melanoma here

24
Q

what are the 7 parts of the hair follicle from most proximal to distal

A

hair shaft
pilosebasceous gland
arrector pilli muscle
bulge area
hair bulb
papilla
blood supply

25
Q

what does the pilosebasceous gland do

A

forms grease/oil on skin

26
Q

what is the papilla

A

where the hair grows from

27
Q

what is the bulge area

A

source of stem cells and grows epidermis if all epidermis is lost

28
Q

what nervous system controls the eccrine sweat glands and what is stimulates sweat generation

A

sympathetic nervous system

acetylcholine neurotransmitter

29
Q

how does skin govern temp regulation - when it is hot and when it is cold

A

hot = sweat evaporation and alterations in cutaneous flow (vessels open up)

cold = shivering centrally mediated and alterations in cutaneous flow (vessels constricts so that blood goes to the central part of the body)

30
Q

what is the function of goosebumps

A

hair rises as erector pilli muscle contracts which provides a thermal insulation layer when hairs go up

31
Q

what is vitamin D important for

A

bone

32
Q

what are the 4 types of touch that skin senses

A

pain
light touch
joint position sense
vibration

MED221A/B Lectures (23 decks)

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