MSK 02 - The pectoral girdle Flashcards by A A

what is the shoulder like when it is flexed

arm raised straight ahead in front of the body

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what is the shoulder like when it is extended

arm is brought back to its starting position

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where does the pectoral girdle link the free limb to the axial skeleton

at the sternoclavicular joint

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what is the general rule between the movement, muscles and stability of a joint

greater range of movement = more unstable = more muscles needed to stabilize the joint

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what kind of joints are the SCJ and ACJ

synovial

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what is the conceptual joint like and where is it located

located between the medial border of the scapula and the chest wall

well hydrated area allows the bones of the ‘joint’ to slide against each other

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what is shoulder rotation based on

rotation is described in relation to the glenoid fossa

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what are the two functions of the clavicle

forms a strut between manubrium and the acromion - holds scap away from the thoracic wall

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what are the two ligaments that attach to the inferior surface of the clavicle

costoclavicular

coracoclavicular

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what are the 3 angles of the scapula

glenoid fossa

inferior angle

superior angle

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what are the 3 borders of the scapula

medial border

superior border

lateral border

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what are the 3 protuberances of the scapula

coracoid

acromion

spine

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what are the 3 surfaces of the scapula

subscapula fossa

infraspinous fossa

supraspinous fossa

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what does the fibrocartilaginous intra-articular discs do in the SCJ and how does it link to its characteristics (2 things)

deformable = more congruence of 2 surfaces and allows bone to change position

adds stability

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what are the 4 ligaments of the SCJ

interclavicular ligament

costoclavicular ligament

anterior/posterior sternoclavicular ligaments

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what is the role of the interclavicular ligament

braces the joint

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what is the role of the costoclavicular ligament

stops clavicle from subluxing upwards

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to which two points is the costoclavicular ligament attached

underside of clavicle

1st rib costal cartilage

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what is the shape of the intra-articular disc in the ACJ

wedge shaped

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what are the 2 ligaments of the ACJ

acromioclavicular ligament

coracoclavicular ligament

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what are the 2 components of the coracoclavicular ligament

conoid

trapezoid

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what is the role of the coracoclavicular ligament

allows suspension of the free limb without burning energy (passive)

suspends scapula on underside of clavicle

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what is the origin and insertion of pectoralis major

origin = medial clavicle and sternum
insertion = lateral lip of intertubercular groove

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what is the origin and insertion of pectoralis minor

origin = coracoid
insertion = anterolateral aspect of middle ribs

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what is the origin and insertion of subclavius

origin = 1st rib costal cartilage insertion = subclavian groove of clavicle

what is the origin and insertion of serratus anterior

origin = ribs 1-8/9 insertion = medial border of scapula

what is the nerve that innervates pectoralis major

medial and lateral pectoral nerve

what is the nerve that innervates pectoralis minor

medial pectoral nerve

what is the nerve that innervates subclavius

what is the nerve that innervates serratus anterior

long thoracic nerve

what is the action of pectoralis major

adducts humerus interally rotates humerus protracts scapula (by pulling on humerus) Lower fibres depress the scapula

what is the action of pectoralis minor

protracts scapula depresses scapula

what is the action of subclavius

braces clavicle weak depressor of scapula

what is important about the medial pectoral nerve

must pass through pec min to get to pec maj

what is the action of serratus anterior - all fibres

protracts scapula

what is the action of serratus anterior - lower fibres

superior rotation of scapula

what is the origin and insertion of trapezius

origin = nuchal ligament, nuchal line, spinous process of C spine down to T12 insertion = clavicle (superior fibres), acromion (middle fibres), spine of scapula (inferior fibres)

what is the innervation of trapezius

cranial nerve 11 (accessory nerve)

what is the action of the trapezius - all together

retracts scapula

what is the action of the trapezius - superior fibres only

elevates scapula Superior rotation

what is the action of the trapezius - middle fibres only

retracts scapula

what is the action of the trapezius - inferior fibres only

depresses scapula Superior rotation

what is the action of the trapezius - superior and inferior fibres only

superior rotation of scapula

what are the three muscles that are deep to trapezius

levator scapulae rhomboid min and maj

what is the origin and insertion of levator scapulae

origin = transverse processes of the c spine insertion = superior angle of scapula

what is the origin and insertion of rhomboid major

origin = spinous processes of T2-5 insertion = medial border of scapula

what is the origin and insertion of rhomboid minor

origin = spinous processes of C7-T1 insertion = medial border of scapula

what is the innervation of levator scapulae

dorsal scapular nerve

what is the innervation of rhomboid major

dorsal scapular nerve

what is the innervation of rhomboid minor

dorsal scapular nerve

what is the action of the levator scapulae muscles

inferiorly rotates the scapula elevates the scapula

what is the action of the rhomboid major

retracts the scapula elevates the scapula inferiorly rotates the scapula

what is the action of the rhomboid minor

retracts the scapula elevates the scapula inferiorly rotates the scapula

what does the rhomboid muscles and the serratus anterior muscle do when working together

pulls scapula close to the chest wall at the conceptual joint

what is the origin and insertion of the latissimus dorsi

origin = spinous processes of lower T spine, lumbar and sacral spinous processes and pelvic girdle insertion = floor of intertubercular groove

what is latissimus dorsi innervated by

thoracodorsal nerve

what is the action of latissimus dorsi all fibres

internally rotate humerus Inferior rotate scapula adduct humerus Retract scapula (upper fibres)

what is the action of latissimus dorsi - lower fibres

depresses scapula

what is the structure that is a part of latissumis dorsi and helps it connect onto the pelvic girdle past the muscle belly

aponeurosis

what are the 3 muscles that protract the scapula

pectoralis major pectoralis minor serratus anterior

what are the 4 muscles that retract the scapula

rhomboid minor rhomboid major middle fibres of trapezius upper fibres of latissimus dorsi

what are the 6 inferior rotators of the scapula

levator scapulae rhomboid major rhomboid minor pectoralis minor lower pectoralis major latissimus dorsi

what are the 3 superior rotators of the scapula

trapezius upper part trapezium lower part serratus anterior