MSK 08 - The forearm and wrist

Question 1

what structure is between the ulna and radius distally at the wrist joint

Answer 1

sacciform recess

Question 2

what is between the distal ulna and the carpal

Answer 2

triangular fibro cartilage complex

Question 3

what are the 3 functions of the interosseous membrane

Answer 3

hinge

muscle attachment

force transmission

Question 4

where do you find the flexor retinaculum what bones do they link

Answer 4

over the carpal bones in the anterior of the hand

links scaphoid to pisiform and trapezium to the hamate hook

Question 5

what is created via flexor reticulum

Answer 5

carpal tunnel

Question 6

where is the extensor reticulum

Answer 6

posterior aspect of wrist - quadralateral shape

Question 7

what runs in the carpal tunnel

Answer 7

all the flexor tendons

Question 8

what does the brachial artery divide into distally in the forearm

Answer 8

radial and ulnar artery

Question 9

aside from the brachial artery what does also feeds into the radial artery

Answer 9

radial recurrent artery

Question 10

what vessels does the recurrent artery meet

Answer 10

collateral artery

Question 11

what does the common interosseous artery divide into

Answer 11

anterior and posterior interosseous arteries

Question 12

what does the anterior interosseous artery supply

Answer 12

all of anterior compartment muscles

Question 13

what does the posterior interosseous artery supply

Answer 13

posterior compartment

Question 14

what does the ulnar artery divide into

Answer 14

common interosseous artery

Question 15

how many flexor muscles are there in the forearm deep, intermediate and superficial

Answer 15

superficial = 4
intermediate = 1
deep = 3

Question 16

what are the 4 superficial forearm flexor muscles

Answer 16

pronator teres

flexor carpi radialis

flexor carpi ulnaris

palmaris longus

Question 17

what is the origin and insertion of pronator teres

Answer 17

origin = supracondylar ridge (medial)

insertion = lateral radius

Question 18

what is the origin and insertion of flexor carpi radialis

Answer 18

origin = Common flexor tendon

insertion = base of 2nd metacarpal

Question 19

where does the common flexor tendon attach to on the elbow

Answer 19

medial epicondyle

Question 20

what nerve runs through pronator teres

Answer 20

medial nerve

Question 21

what artery runs with the median nerve

Answer 21

ulnar artery

Question 22

what muscle does the radial artery run with

Answer 22

pronator teres

Question 23

what is the origin and insertion of flexor carpi ulnaris

Answer 23

Origin = common flexor tendon
insertion = base of 5th metacarpal

Question 24

what is the intermediate flexor muscle of the forearm

Answer 24

flexor digitorum superficialis

Question 25

what is the origin and insertion of flexor digitorum superficialis

Answer 25

origin = 1/2 CFT and 1/2 front of radius insertion = base of middle phalanx digits 2-5

Question 26

where does flexor digitorum superficialis travel in relation to the flexor retinaculum

Answer 26

under the flexor retinaculum

Question 27

where does flexor carpi radialis travel in relation to the palmar aponeurosis

Answer 27

under

Question 28

where does flexor carpi ulnaris travel in relation to the palmar aponeurosis

Answer 28

under

Question 29

what does pronator teres do

Answer 29

pronates forearm

Question 30

what is the origin and insertion of palmaris longus

Answer 30

origin = common flexor tendon insertion = palmar aponeurosis

Question 31

what are the 3 forearm flexor muscles that are deep

Answer 31

flexor digitorum profundus flexor pollicis longus pronator quadratus

Question 32

what is the origin and insertion of flexor digitorum profundus

Answer 32

origin = front of ulna and interosseous membrane insertion = distal phalanx base 2-5 digits

Question 33

what is the origin and insertion of flexor pollicis longus

Answer 33

origin = front of radius insertion = distal phalanx of thumb

Question 34

what is the origin and insertion of pronator quadratus

Answer 34

origin = medial ulna insertion = lateral radius

Question 35

what is the relation of flexor digitorum superficialis tendon to the flexor digitorum profundus

Answer 35

superificialis splits allowing profundus to run through them

Question 36

where does the flexor digitorum profundus travel in relation to the flexor retinaculum

Answer 36

under

Question 37

where does the flexor pollicis longus travel in relation to the flexor retinaculum

Answer 37

under

Question 38

where does the pronator quadratus travel in relation to the flexor retinaculum

Answer 38

PQ is too high above where flexor retinaculum is located

Question 39

what is the artery running alongside FCR

Answer 39

radial artery

Question 40

what is the artery and nerve running along FCU

Answer 40

ulnar artery and nerve

Question 41

what carpal bone does FCU semi attach to

Answer 41

pisiform

Question 42

describe the path that the median nerve takes down the arm into and out of the cubital fossa - name muscles relative to the nerve

Answer 42

comes off the lateral and median cords and travels down the medial side of the anterior arm enters cubital fossa and leaves cubital fossa by going through the two parts of pronator teres

Question 43

what nerve does the median nerve become once it leaves the cubital fossa

Answer 43

anterior and posterior interosseous nerves

Question 44

what does the median nerve innervate in the forearm - 4 muscles

Answer 44

flexor digitorum superficialis palmaris longus pronator teres flexor carpi radialis

Question 45

what are the 3 muscles innervated by the anterior interosseous nerve what group are these muscles

Answer 45

pronator quadratus flexor pollicis longus lateral half of the flexor digitorum profundus group of deep forearm muscles (flexors)

Question 46

what are the 2 muscle groups that is innervated by the recurrent branch of the median nerve in the hand

Answer 46

thenar muscles and the 1st and 2nd lumbricals

Question 47

what does the anterior interosseous nerve further split into in the wrist and hand - which ones are motor and which are cutaneous

Answer 47

first splits to give off palmar cutaneous branch (cutaneous) then splits to form recurrent branch (motor) finally splits into the proper palmar digital nerves (cutaneous)

Question 48

what does the proper palmar digital nerve innervate

Answer 48

the lateral 3 and a half digits

Question 49

where does the palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve run relative to the flexor retinaculum

Answer 49

runs over it

Question 50

how many muscles are innervated directly by the median nerve

Answer 50

4

Question 51

how many muscles are innervated directly by the anterior interosseous nerve

Answer 51

3

Question 52

what are the two motor branches that the median nerve splits into (not cutaneous)

Answer 52

recurrent branch anterior interosseous nerve

Question 53

what are the two cutaneous sensory branches that the median nerve splits into

Answer 53

palmar cutaneous branch and proper palmar digital nerves

Question 54

describe the path that the ulnar nerve takes down the arm into and out of the cubital fossa

Answer 54

ulnar nerve comes out from the medial cord and runs medially down the anterior arm half way down the arm it dives into the medial intermuscular septa to enter the posterior compartment once runs down to the medial epicondyle it reenters the anterior compartment and runs through the cubital fossa

Question 55

what are the two muscles directly innervated by the ulnar nerve

Answer 55

flexor carpi ulnaris medial half of flexor digitorum profundus

Question 56

what is the order of the 5 branches off the ulnar nerve - which ones are motor and which ones are cutaneous

Answer 56

palmar cutaneous branch (cutaneous) dorsal cutaneous branch (cutaneous) deep branch ulnar nerve (motor) and superficial branch of ulnar nerve (cutaneous) proper palmar digital nerves

Question 57

what 4 groups of muscles does the deep branch of the ulnar nerve supply

Answer 57

hypothenar muscles dorsal and palmar interossei adductor pollicis medial 2 lumbricals