Mouth: Oral infections/lesions Flashcards
What is the etiology for thrush?
What is the etiology for thrush? Fungal infection from candida
Pathophysiology for thrush?
Candida is in the mouth all the time; it can grow if immune system is down.
What are risk factors for thrush?
poor health, very old, very young; HIV/AIDS, getting chemo, taking steroids, taking lots of abx, bad fitting dentures
Who is more likely to get thrush?
Patients with diabetes more likely to get this because their extra sugar acts like food for candida fungus
How will a patient with thrush present clinically?
Common in babies and shouldn’t last more than a couple weeks; looks like white, velvety sores in the mouth or tongue with red tissue around it that can bleed easily; the sores can increase in size/#
How do Dx thrush?
Look in their mouth. You’ll know. Culture of mouth lesion and microscopic exam of scrapings if necessary
How do you treat thrush?
in babies it should resolve in 2 weeks. If thrush is from ABX, pro-biotics may help restore normal flora. Use soft toothbrush with diluted H2O.
If treating: nystatin or clotrimazole for 5-10 days
Fluconazole or itraconazole for more systemic diseases
What are some complications of thrush?
usually with a weakened immune system: meningitis, esophagitis, endopthamitis, endocarditis, arthritis
What is oral candidiasis?
Just known thrush.
Patient presents with clusters of sores around their mouth. What is the likely Dx?
HSV
More info:
pain, burning, tingling, or itching can occur at the site before the sore appears. The cluster or sores erupt into blisters, then quickly turn into shallow grey ulcers with a red base, become crusted or scabbed. (oral sores are painful and make eating and drinking difficult)
also may have palpable lymph nodes
How do you treat herpes?
Tylenol or ibuprofen for pain; acyclovir, Valtrex, famvir, and topical penciclovir
What does the lab workout look like for Herpes?
swab the sore and send to lab; viral culture; Tzanck smear test; antigen antibody studies (PCR)
Risk factors for Herpes?
contact with herpes broken skin or oral cavity
Lets talk about the stages of HSV
Lets talk about the stages of HSV Stage 1 primary infection: herpes enter skin or mucosa through small cracks or breaks and reproduces: during this stage oral sores and symptoms can develop; can also be asymptomatic
Stage 2 latency: moves to dorsal root ganglion and sits there until aggravated
Stage 3 recurrence: HSV1 can recur due to stress, UV light, fever, fatigue, hormonal changes
Complications of HSV?
atopic eczema, encephalitis, keratoconjunctivitis, pharyngitis, hepatitis, herpes whitlow (herpes on fingers)
