Ear: Otitis Media: Acute Flashcards
What is the epidemiology for Acute Otitis Media?
Mostly children, but anyone
What is the etiology of Acute Otitis Media?
S. pneumonia, H. influenza, M. catarrhalis, viruses
What are the risk factors for Acute Otitis Media?
smoking in the home, premature birth, daycare, Eustachian tube, pacifiers, bottle-feeding
What is the pathophysiology of Acute Otitis Media?
recent URI – Inflammation or edema to the respiratory mucosa, travels up Eustachian tube…blockage of Eustachian tube…creates perfect environment for bacteria to grow.
What is the clinical presentation of Acute Otitis Media?
fever, painful ear, fussy, hearing loss, common cold, sore throat,
What are the findings from a Physical Exam of Acute Otitis Media?
red, bulging or retracted TM, loss of visible landmarks, deficit in mobility of TM, inflammation, yellow or white from secretions, hearing loss (Weber’s test)
How do you diagnose Acute Otitis Media?
presentation, HX, and exam
1. Viral: symptoms less severe (air/fluid level causing effusion, fluid is clear, runny nose, congestions, take ibuprofen for URI because the tube needs to decrease inflammation to decrease damage)
What is the additional thing you must do during an exam if you suspect Acute Otitis Media?
Rule otitis extern by observing the external ear
What is the treatment for Acute Otitis Media?
Amoxicillin HD/augmentin…. If PCN allergy, azithromycin.
- Decrease antibiotic usage – with children, wait until child has had the symptoms for 3 days
a. If they still show the clinical signs, continue with treatment.
b. Important to wait to make sure it is not viral or it does not clear on its own
c. Can use Tylenol or Ibuprofen for ear pain
d. If child looks febrile, treat. - don’t treat if viral, if it lasts more than 5 days it may be bacterial
What are the complications for Acute Otitis Media?
rupture; can cause some relief, scarring can develop which can impair hearing later on, mastoiditis (inflammation of the mastoid process), labrynthitis (if left untreated)
