Motor Systems

Question 1

Hierarchy of Motor Control

Answer 1

1) Skeletal and Muscular system
2) Spinal Cord
3) brain stem
4) Primary motor cortex
5) Nonprimary cortex
6) Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia

Question 2

Motor neurons

Answer 2

In spinal cord and brain stem sends action potentials down axons to Innervate muscles

Question 3

Neuromuscular junction

Answer 3

Where motor neuron and muscle fiber meet

Uses acetylcholine

Question 4

Proprioception

Answer 4

Collection of info about body movements and positions

Question 5

Muscle Soindle

Answer 5

Capsule buried in other muscle fibers contains intrafusal fibers that respond to stretch

Question 6

Golgi tendon organs

Answer 6

Sensitive to muscle tension

Monitors force of muscle contractions

Question 7

Nonprimary motor cortex

Answer 7

2 parts

Supplementary motor area (SMA): initiation of movement and oreolanned movements

Premotor Cortex: activated when motor systems are guided by external events

Question 8

Extrapyramidal systems

Answer 8

Regulate and fine tune motor commands

Question 9

Basal Ganglia

Answer 9

Interconnected forebrain nuclei that control initiation of movement

Question 10

Cerebellum

Answer 10

Guides movements through inhibition and helps fine tune skilled movements

Question 11

Huntington’s Disease

Answer 11

Caused by damage to basal ganglia

Symptoms: excessive movement, clumsiness, twitches

Question 12

Parkinson’s

Answer 12

Progressive loss of dopaminergic cells in substantia nigra

Symptoms: slowed movement, hand and face tremors, rigid posture