Chapter 2: Cells And Structures Flashcards
Neuron
Nerve cells found in brain
Glial Cells
Cells that provide support to neurons and help process information
Neuronal Functional Zones
Input Zone: Dendrites
Integration Zone: Soma
Conduction Zone: Axon
Output Zone: Axon Terminals
Parts of the Axon
Axon Hillock: junction of axon and soma where action potentials are generated
Myelin: fatty insulation that increases speed of transduction
Nodes of Ranvier: gaps between sections of myelin
Parts of a synapse
Presynaptic membrane: axon terminal of presynaptic neuron
Postsynaptic Membrane: dendrite or cell body of postsynaptic neuron
Synaptic cleft: gap that separates membranes
Types of Neurons
Multipolar: one axon multiple dendrites
Bipolar: one axon, one dendrite
Unipolar: single extension branches in to directions
Types of glial cells
Oligodendrites: form myelin sheath in CNS
Schwann Cells: myelinate neurons in PNS
Astrocytes: help supply neurons with blood and
nutrients and form outer membrane around brain
Microglia: small mobile cells that remove debris from injured or dead cells
Types of nerve cells
Somatic Nerves: connect brain to muscles and sensory systems
Autonomic Nerves: connect brain to internal organs
Gross brain anatomy
Left and right hemispheres
Cerebral Cortex outermost layer
Gyri: raised folds
Sulci: furrows/grooves
Lobes of the brain
Frontal: most anterior
Parietal: between frontal and occipital
Occipital: most posterior
Temporal: lateral region
Views of the brain
Horizontal: top down view
Sagittal: Side view
Dorsal: front to back
