Hearing And Balance

Question 1

Amplitude

Answer 1

Intensity of sound perceived as loudness measured in decibels

Question 2

Frequency

Answer 2

Number of cycles per second measured in Hertz perceived as pitch

Question 3

Outer Ear

Answer 3

Captures, focuses, and filters sound

Pinna: collects sound waves
Ear Canal connects outer and middle ear

Question 4

Middle Ear

Answer 4

Concentrated sound energies

Three ossicles Malleus, incus, stapes connect tympanic membrane to oval window

Tensor tympani control volume

Question 5

Inner ear

Answer 5

Transducers mechanical energy into neural activity

Question 6

Cochlea

Answer 6

Spiral shaped organ that converts vibrations into neural activity

Contains 3 fluid filled canals

Question 7

Organ of Corti

Answer 7

Where vibrations are transduced

1) Hair Cells
2) Supporting Cells
3) Terminals of auditory fibers

Question 8

Pitch Detection

Answer 8

Place Coding: location of activated hair cells

Temporal Coding: frequency of stimuli in firing rate of auditory neuron

Question 9

Primary Auditory Complex (Heschls gyrus)

Answer 9

Neurons are excited by certain frequencies and inhibited by neighboring frequencies

Question 10

TONOTOPIC Organization

Answer 10

Cell bodies at energy levels of circuitry are arranged spatially in a map of low to high frequency

Question 11

Secondary Auditory Complex

Answer 11

Used for sound recognition and sound localization

Question 12

Sound Localization

Answer 12

Uses bineural cues

Intensity: difference in loudness of two ears

Latency: differences in time of arrival of two sounds

Question 13

Conduction Deafness

Answer 13

Outer ear prevents sound from entering ear

Question 14

Sensorineural deafness

Answer 14

Hair cells fail to respond to vibrations

Question 15

Central deafness

Answer 15

Damage to auditory cortex

Question 16

Vestibular Function

Answer 16

Sense of balance

Question 17

Perception of Balance

Answer 17

Semicircular canals: three fluid filled tubes oriented in three planes

Hair cells deflected by fluid stimulate nerves and send signal to Brian