Homeostasis

Question 1

Homeostasis

Answer 1

Maintenance of stable, balanced, internal environment controlled mainly by negative feedback

Question 2

Redundancy

Answer 2

Physiological systems can be monitored by more than one mechanism

Question 3

Allostasis

Answer 3

Process of achieving homeostasis

Question 4

Allostatic Load

Answer 4

Associated cost of home so static responses

Question 5

Sympathetic Stress Response

Answer 5

Short term, fast acting stress response

Danger signal- sensory cortex- Locus ceruleus- adrenal medulla- fight flight response

Question 6

Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal axis

Answer 6

Long term

Activation- hypothalamus- anterior pituitary- adrenal cortex- relaxes cortisol

Question 7

Hypovolemic Thirst

Answer 7

Low extra cellular water volume from loss of body fluids

Detected by Baroreceptors located in blood vessels and heart

Question 8

Osmotic thirst

Answer 8

High extra cellular solute concentration (salty fluids)

Osmosensory neurons in hypothalamus monitor changes in concentration of extra cellular fluids

Question 9

Angiotensin II

Answer 9

Hormone that increases blood pressure by constricting blood vessels

Question 10

Glucose

Answer 10

Principle sugar used for energy

Question 11

Glycogen

Answer 11

Glucose stored in liver and muscles for short term regulated by insulin

Question 12

Insulin

Answer 12

Helps glucose transporters import glucose from blood into cells

Question 13

Diabetes mellitus

Answer 13

Failure of insulin to induce glucose absorption

Type 1: juvenile onset, pancreas stops producing insulin

Type 2: adult onset reduced tissue sensitivity to insulin

Question 14

Basal Metabolism

Answer 14

Energy used for heat production, maintenance of membrane potentials and life sustaining processes

Question 15

Ventromedial hypothalamus

Answer 15

Satiety center of brain

Question 16

Lateral Hypothalamus

Answer 16

Hunger center

Question 17

Hypothalamic appetite control

Answer 17

Hormones from body drive hypothalamic appetite control via circuit within actuate nucleus

Question 18

Leptin

Answer 18

Fat cells release leptin into blood stream to provide info to brain about long term energy stores

Question 19

Short term energy hormones

Answer 19

Ghrelin: appetite stimulant

PYY-3-36: appetite suppressant

Question 20

Appetite control neurons

Answer 20

POMC: satiety neuron inhibits appetite and increases metabolism

NPY: hunger neuron stimulates appetite and reduced metabolism

Question 21

Nucleus of Solitary tract (NST)

Answer 21

Appetite signals converge on NST in brain stem