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SPV 327-Intro to Communication Disorders- > Motor Speech Disorders PP > Flashcards

Motor Speech Disorders PP Flashcards

1
Q

What is a motor speech disorder?

A

One has difficulty speaking related to problems of movement; this is due to a neurological injury or disorder.

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2
Q

What is another way to define apraxia?

A

neurological injury or disorder that affects motor planning

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3
Q

What is another way to define dysarthria

A

neurological injury or disorder that affects cooridation, timing, and execution of movement for speech production

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4
Q

What is something that motor speech disorders are NOT?

A

a language disorder

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5
Q

What may motor speech disorders coexist with?

A

Aphasia and/or cognitive impairments

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6
Q

What can dysarthria affect?

A

the speed, range, direction, strength and timing of motor mvmts for respiration, phonation, resonation and articulation for speech

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7
Q

What are the 4 subsystems of speech?

A

phonation, resonation, articulation, respiration

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8
Q

What are the main anatomical parts of the respiratory system?

A

abdominal, thoracic, and neck muscles; diaphragm, muscles between rib cage, lungs, and trachea

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9
Q

What is the respiratory system responsible for?

A

provides breathing : the source and force behind speech production

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10
Q

What is the primary structure of the phonatory system?

A

the larynx

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11
Q

What are other details associated with the phonatory system?

A

All vowels are voiced, helps produce voiced and voiceless consonants

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12
Q

What can be affected when the phonatory system breaks down?

A

volume, pitch, and quality

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13
Q

What is the larynx made of?

A

hyoid bone, epiglottis, thyroid cartilage, arytenoid cartilages, vocal folds

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14
Q

What does the resonation subsystem consist of?

A

the pharyngeal, nasal and oral cavities and how air travels through them.

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15
Q

What are the main structures of the resonatory subsystem?

A

hard palate, soft palate (Velum) and uvula, nasopharynx

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16
Q

What are other detaisl associated with the resonatory system?

A

size and shape of those cavities give each person a unique sound, hyper-/hyponasality can occur.

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17
Q

What are the main structures of the articulatory subsystem?

A

mandible, tongue, hard and soft palates, lips, teeth

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18
Q

What does intelligibilty refer to?

A

understanding

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19
Q

What is the primary area in the brain that controls speech

A

primary motor cortex

20
Q

What are upper motor neurons?

A

motor neurons that either originate either in the primary motor cortex or in the brain stem; carry information down to the lower motor neurons

21
Q

What are lower motor neurons?

A

motor nerons that activate muscle

22
Q

What happens when lower motor neurons die?

A

muscles become weak and atrophy

23
Q

What are the steps in the speech production process?

A
  1. conceptualization 2. linguistic planning (semantics + syntax + phonology) 3. motor planning/programming (including rate, stress, prosody) 4. performance (motor execution) 5. feedback
24
Q

What are characteristics of Flaccid Dysarthria?

A

max show decreased breath support for speech, weak voice, reduced loudness, hypernasality, imprecise articulation

25
Q

What are characteristics of spastic dysarthria?

A

slow rate of speech, combined effects of weakness and loss of inhibitory muscle control resulting in hyperactive reflexes and muscle tone at rest (spasticity)

26
Q

How is speech for someone with spastic dysarthria?

A

speech movements are slow; there’s a reduction in range and force, strained vocal quality

27
Q

What are some etiologies for spastic dysarthria?

A

cerebral palsy, TBI, multiple strokes

28
Q

What are characteristics of hypokinetic dysarthria?

A

speech movements and all movements have a reduced range of motion, imprecise articulation, it’s hard to start movement

29
Q

What are speech characteristics for someone with hypokinetic dysarthria?

A

disfluencies are common, volume is low, monopitch, speech rate is fast

30
Q

What is the most common cause of hypokinetic dysarthria?

A

Parkinson’s Disease

31
Q

What are signs and symptoms of ataxic dysarthria?

A

discoordination and mistiming of movements (potentially across all 4 subsystems), speech movements are jerky, not smooth, person sounds intoxicated, not caused by weakness

32
Q

What area of the brain is damaged in someone with ataxic dysarthria?

A

cerebellum

33
Q

What are characteristics of hyperkinetic dysarthria?

A

increased, abnormal movements, tremors, tics, dystonia, chorea

34
Q

What is tics?

A

rapid, patterend movements, not completely involuntary, can be suppressed for brief periods with effort

35
Q

What is chorea?

A

rapid, unpredictable movements

36
Q

What is dystonia?

A

slow, sustained abnormal movements

37
Q

What is mixed dysarthria?

A

When 2 or more dysarthrias are present

38
Q

What are some causes of mixed dysarthria?

A

ALS and TBI

39
Q

What does the vocal tract consist of?

A

The pharyngeal, nasal, and oral cavities and how air travels through them

40
Q

What is muscular dystrophy?

A

A genetic disease, progressive muscular degeneration

41
Q

What is myasthenia gravis?

A

An autoimmune disease; all muscles in the body fatigue easily but brief rest intermittently helps

42
Q

What may someone with mixed dysarthria exhibit?

A

Speak slowly, hypernasality, imprecise articulation, strained/strangled vocal quality

43
Q

What are the steps of the speech production process?

A

Conceptualization, linguistic planning, motor planning/programming, performance, feedback

44
Q

Why does liquid come out of your nose?

A

The velum is discoordinated

45
Q

When will voice problems occur?

A

When there’s damage to the muscles that control the vocal folds

46
Q

What is a neuron?

A

Nerve cell (cell body + dendrites + long axon)

SPV 327-Intro to Communication Disorders- (16 decks)

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