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SPV 327-Intro to Communication Disorders- > Ch.2 Communication: Means, Impairments, Intervention > Flashcards

Ch.2 Communication: Means, Impairments, Intervention Flashcards

1
Q

What is stuttering?

A

disorder of fluency where fillers, hesitations, and/or repetitions in speech happen excessively or are accompanied by lots of tension, struggle, and fear.

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2
Q

What is a support group?

A

a group of individuals who have the same struggles and who express their experiences of those struggles

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3
Q

What is phonotactics?

A

rules that govern where sounds should be arranged in words

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4
Q

What is linguistic intuition?

A

recognizing when grammar in a sentence is right or wrong

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5
Q

What does it mean to describe a disorder as acquired?

A

the disorder resulted from an illness

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6
Q

What is fluency?

A

smooth and forward flow of communication; impacted by rhythm and rate of speech

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7
Q

What is grammar or syntax?

A

word order; the rules of a given language

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8
Q

What is a dynamic assessment?

A

a way to assess a client; explore a client’s ability to change behavior by making sounds that were previously misarticulated, learning a language rule, decreasing misfluencies, etc.

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9
Q

What does it mean to describe a cause as perpetuating?

A

causes that maintain or continue the problem

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10
Q

What does it mean to describe a disorder as congenital?

A

the disorder came about at birth

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11
Q

What is a post-therapy test?

A

test that client takes after being done with therapy to determine the effectiveness of an intervention method and to determine if the client met the short-term and long-term goals set

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12
Q

What is semantics?

A

the meaning of a given language

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13
Q

What is phonology?

A

the sound system of English (43 phonemes); one aspect of the form of a language

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14
Q

What is proxemics?

A

study of the physical distance between people and how that distance affects people

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15
Q

What does it mean to describe a test as criteron-referenced?

A

it is used to assess a client’s strengths and weaknesses based on certain skills and does not compare those criteria to others, particularly to children

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16
Q

What does it mean to describe a test as norm referenced?

A

it brings about scores of a client that are then compared to a sample of similar individuals

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17
Q

What is a bound morpheme?

A

words that cannot stand on their own; play a similar role as dependent clauses; ex. prefixes and suffixes

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18
Q

What are semantic features?

A

bits of meaning that coalesce to define a certain word; ex. girl and woman means feminine and human, yet “child” is generally seen as a feature in girls and not in women

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19
Q

What is a diagnosis?

A

A problem identified by an SLP or a provider

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20
Q

What is a phoneme?

A

unit of sound that distinguish one 1 word for another word in a certain language

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21
Q

What is language?

A

a code known by all in a given society; this code represents ideas

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22
Q

What is baseline data?

A

data that reflects a client’s multiple responses to a given test or method under several conditions

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23
Q

What is incidental teaching?

A

when an SLP follows the client’s lead during therapy but teaches the client too

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24
Q

What is phonology?

A

theories and cognitive concepts of the nature, production, and rules for creating and combining speech sounds

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25
Q

What is articulation?

A

how speech sounds are formed

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26
Q

What is a prognosis?

A

informed prediction of an outcome of a disorder

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27
Q

What is communication?

A

an exchange of ideas; one person sends a message and another person receives it.

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28
Q

What is the rate of speech?

A

How fast one talks

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29
Q

What is developmental disfluency?

A

type of fluency disruption that occurs because a child is developing his or her speech; e.g. a 2 y/o repeating words “I want want want a cookie”

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30
Q

What is booster treatment?

A

follow-up or maintenance of the skills that a client learns

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31
Q

What is the form of a language consist of?

A

phonology, morphology, and syntax

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32
Q

What does the content of a language consist of?

A

semantics

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33
Q

What is conductive hearing loss?

A

hearing loss caused by damage to the middle ear; some with this disorder may describe a sound as too soft

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34
Q

What is an assessment of communication disorders?

A

a plan to address one’s communication problems through getting info from various sources and setting and identify one’s communication strengths and weaknesses

35
Q

What is sensorineural hearing loss?

A

hearing loss caused by problems with the inner ear and/or cochlear nerve; a person may be unable to distinguish and subsequently understand speech sounds

36
Q

What is a morpheme?

A

tiniest grammatical unit within a language

37
Q

What is a filler?

A

words that adults use in speech, such as “umm, ya know, er”

38
Q

What is speech?

A

producing language using articulation, fluency, and voice

39
Q

What can be used to help those who are deaf?

A

assistive listening devices (ALDs), cochlear implants, auditory training

40
Q

What is chronemics?

A

time’s impact on communication

41
Q

What is prevalence?

A

number of new and old cases in a certain time period

42
Q

What is sociolinguistics?

A

the study of social factors, such as cultural and environment, on communication

43
Q

What is pragmatics?

A

use of a language; the driving force behind all parts of language

44
Q

What is the main that humans express themselves?

A

through speech

45
Q

What are tactiles?

A

touching behaviors

46
Q

What is vocal abuse?

A

a type of voice disorder; too much yelling, screaming, or loud singing which brings about hoarseness

47
Q

What does the use of a language consist of?

A

pragmatics

48
Q

What does it mean to describe language as dynamic?

A

they change over time

49
Q

What are hesitations in speech?

A

unexpected pauses

50
Q

What is habitual pitch?

A

the regular tone that a speaker speaks at most of the time; ex. women tend to have higher voices than men

51
Q

What is pitch?

A

a feature of a sound in which a listener perceives as high or low

52
Q

What is dysarthria?

A

one who speaks poorly because the muscles used in speech are either weak, paralyzed, or poorly coordinated; a disorder of articulation

53
Q

What is a dialect?

A

differences that indicate a certain regional, social, cultural, or ethnic identity

54
Q

What is kinesics?

A

body language

55
Q

What are the 5 features of language?

A

a subjective or arbitrary code, a system controlled by rules, a tool shared by society, a generative process, a dynamic scheme

56
Q

What does it mean to describe language as generative?

A

each utterance is created brand new

57
Q

What is a free morpheme?

A

words that can hold it down by itself; ex. cat, dog, go

58
Q

What is an example of a prolongation in disorders of fluency?

A

“www-well”

59
Q

What does it mean to describe a cause as precipitating?

A

the cause comes from a health issue or experience, such as coming from a stroke

60
Q

What is morphology?

A

the structure of words, one aspect of the form of a language

61
Q

What is incidence?

A

number of new cases in a disease or disorder in a certain time period

62
Q

What is the purpose of a screening?

A

imply which individuals should be evaluated further; it’s not a diagnostic evaluation

63
Q

What is intonation?

A

the shift in pitch of an utterance; e.g. raising your voice at the end of a sentence can turn that sentence into a question

64
Q

What are the primary components of all language?

A

form, content, and use

65
Q

What is an example of repetition in disorders of fluency?

A

“g-go-go”

66
Q

What are the features of voice?

A

pitch, loudness, and quality

67
Q

What is syntax?

A

How words are placed in a sentence and ways that one word affect another word

68
Q

What does it mean to describe a cause as predisposing?

A

the cause is genetic or innate

69
Q

What happens in diagnostic therapy?

A

an SLP works with a client for a given period of time and gets a more pellucid sense of a person’s communication abilities and limitations.

70
Q

What is the main way that humans communicate?

A

through language

71
Q

What are artifacts?

A

a combination of your appearance and how you set up your environment

72
Q

What are forms of nonverbal communication?

A

artifacts, kinesics, space and time

73
Q

What does language equate to?

A

cultural identity

74
Q

What is prosody?

A

stress and intonation patterns of an utterance

75
Q

What are suprasegmentals?

A

rate, rhythm, stress, and intonation that you apply to complete sentences

76
Q

What percentage of the U.S population has a communication disorder?

A

17%

77
Q

What percentage of the U.S. Population has a hearing loss?

A

11%

78
Q

What percentage of the U.S. Population has a speech, voice, or language disorder

A

6%

79
Q

What percentage of language disorders occur in pre-schools?

A

8-12%

80
Q

What percentage of the U.S. population has a swallowing disorder

A

3%

81
Q

What does premorbid mean?

A

before the stroke/accident/illness

82
Q

What was the conclusions made from Albert Mehrabian’s book Silent Messages?

A

people considered salesmen as credible based on factors other than words; 55% to one’s body language, 38% to the tone and music of their voice, 7% to the actual words

83
Q

What is the baseline?

A

information about a client’s starting point, in order to measure progress in treatment

SPV 327-Intro to Communication Disorders- (16 decks)

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