Craniofacial anomalies PP Flashcards
What is the cranium?
It encases the skull and is made of 8 bones
What are the 8 cranial bones?
1 frontal, 1 sphenoid, 1 ethmoid, 2 parietal, 2 temporal, 1 occipital
When does the anterior fontanelle close?
closes by 18 months
When does the posterior fontanelle close?
close by 1-2 months
What is the anterior fontanelle?
the junction where the 2 frontal and 2 parietal bones meet. It is also known as the soft spot.
What is the posterior fontanelle?
the junction where the 2 parietal bones and the occipital bone meet.
What is craniosynostosis?
a condition in which one or more of the fibrous sutures in an infant skull prematurely fuses by ossification (turning into bone). This changes the growth pattern of the skull.
What can increased intracranial pressure due to craniosyntosis lead to?
It leads to visual impairment, sleeping impairment, eating difficulties, impairment of mental development combined with a significant reduction in intelligence.
What are some potential causes of premature suture closure due to syndromic craniosynotsis?
several genetic mutations associated with syndromic craniosynotosis
Craniosynotosis occurs in _____ in _____ births. It is part of a syndrome in ____ to _____% of patients, but it typically occurs as an ________
1; 2000; 15%; 40%; isolated condition
Not all cranial abnormalities seen in children with craniosynotosis are solely a result of the _________. This is particularly true in cases with ___________.
premature fusion of a cranial suture; syndromic craniosynotosis
What is micrognathia?
small lower jaw; a symptom of a bunch of craniofacial conditions. May interfere with your child’s feeding and breathing.
Micrognathia is somewhat _______ in infants, but often it _______ itself as the child grows
common; corrects
In embryology, what happens 22 to 28 days post fertilization?
the oropharyngeal membrane ruptures and the optic pits begin to form
In embryology, what happens 29 to 35 days post fertilization?
the cerebral hemisphere become visible
In embryology, what happens at week 4?
inner ear begins to form
In embryology, what happens in 6 weeks?
cerebellum begins to form
in embryology, what happens in 7 weeks?
skeletal ossification begins
In embryology, what happens in 8 weeks?
middle ear bones (ossicles) begin to develop
In order for the palatal shelves to develop, the ________
tongue has to get out fo the way
The primary palate in the mouth is ________, whereas the seconday palate in the mouth is _________.
anterior to incisive foramen; posterior to incisive foramen
In most cases, the cause of cleft lip and cleft palate is ________. It may be due to _______
unknown; a combination of genetic and environmental factors
Most cleft lips/palates are _____; ______ of cleft lips/palates are ______. Not all ______ have clefts
nonsyndromic; ~<15%; syndromic; syndromes
A child born with Pierre Robin sequence may need to be_______, because he/she _______
trached; can’t breathe due to tongue being in the way of the palate
Babies exposed to _____ in the womb can develop ______. The most severe type of ______ is _________
alcohol; fetal alcohol spectrum disorders; FASD; fetal alcohol syndrome
What causes fetal alcohol syndrome?
heavy drinking during pregnancy
What is a syndromic orofacial anomaly?
Patient has more than 1 malformation involving greater than 1 developmental field
What is a non syndromic orofacial anomaly?
Patient has only 1 malformation, if several orofacial anomalies are due to one main malformation or if several anomalies are limited to a single developmental field.
Where does the primary palate form?
Anterior or in front of the incisive foramen
Where does the secondary palate arrive?
It arrives posterior or in the back of the incisive foramen
