Apraxia And Cerebral Palsy PP Flashcards
What is cerebral palsy?
A congenital, non-progressive lifelong disorder of body movement and muscle coordination
What are some causes of CP?
Oxygen deprivation, intracranial hemorrhages, infections or toxins, bacterial and viral infections, malnutrition, alcohol or drugs during pregnancy, accidents during pregnancy
What is the most common motor disability in childhood?
Cerebral palsy
What does cerebral palsy result from?
Faulty development or damage to motor areas in the brain disrupt the brain’s ability to sufficiently control movements and posture.
What may people with CP have?
May also have visual, learning, hearing, speech and intellectual impairments and/or epilepsy
What is spastic CP?
Most common type, spasticity, increased muscle tone, damage to upper motor neurons, movement is jerky, stiff, labored and slow
What is athenoid CP?
2nd most common type, slow, involuntary writhing, exaggerated volitional movements. Speech and breathing problems are more severe.
What is ataxic cerebral palsy?
Least common type; uncoordinated movement, disturbed balance, movements lack direction, force and control, affects cerebellum
How is respiration affected in athenoid cerebral palsy?
Generally reduced for speech production
How is phonation affected in athenoid CP?
Voice quality may be breathy or strained
How is resonance affected in athenoid cerebral palsy?
Often hypernasal because of weakness or discoordination
How is articulation affected in athenoid cerebral palsy?
Related to muscle tone and coordination
What number of individuals with CP have significant cognitive impairments?
1/3
How long may it take to confirm a diagnosis of CP if mild case and motor delays are the first sign?
May take up to 2 years
What are some etiologies or acquired motor speech disorders?
Myasthenia Gravis, TBI, Parkinson’s diseases, stroke, muscular dystrophy, Huntington’s chorea, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
What is one difference between dysarthria and apraxia of speech?
Dysarthria deals with speech sound distortions whereas apraxia of speech deals with speech sound substitutions
How does fluency in dysarthria compare to flexing in apraxia of speech?
In dysarthria, the rate is rapid or slow. In apraxia of speech, there are islands of fluency.
How does groping of articulators in dysarthria compare to groping of articulators in apraxia of speech?
In dysarthria, groping of articulators is rare, whereas in apraxia of speech, it is a hallmark sign
What is speech in dysarthria compared to speech in apraxia of speech?
In dysarthria, there are consistent speech sound errors, whereas in apraxia, there are inconsistent sound substitutions
What are speech characteristics of apraxia of speech?
Slow rate characterized by repetitions, prolongation, additions
What does dysarthria affect?
It affects reactive, automatic, and volitional speech
When does a person apraxia of speech display fluent speech?
When he or she is speaking reactively or automatically.
When is a person with apraxia of speech non fluent?
When the person has to speak on demand or voluntarily.
What does dysarthria consider?
Considers muscle weakness and/or discoordination in speech production subsystems.
What does apraxia of speech deal with?
Deals with motor planning/sequencing for speech
Even though CP is not curable, what can be done?
Training and therapy can help improve function.
A study in 2008 by the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring CP (ADDM) network reveals what?
CP was more common among boys than among girls, CP was more common gaming black children than whites, most kids had spastic CP, many of them had at least one co-occurring condition.
What percentage of children with CP in the 2008 ADDM study had co-occurring epilepsy?
41%
What percentage of children with CP in the 2008 ADDM study had autism spectrum disorder?
6.9%
What results did a 2006 MADDSP study show?
About 60% of 8 year old kids with CP had another developmental disability. 1 in 4 children with CP had both intellectual disability and epilepsy.
What percentage of children with CP in the 2006 study had intellectual disability?
More than 40%
What percentage of children with CP in the 2006 study has epilepsy?
35%
What percentage of children with CP in the 2006 study had vision impairment?
More than 15%
