Ch.3 The Biological Mechanism of Speech

Question 1

What is anatomy?

Answer 1

study of the structures of the body and how those structures related to one another

Question 2

What is physiology?

Answer 2

functions of organisms and bodily structures

Question 3

What are the three physiological subsystems involved in speech production?

Answer 3

respiratory system, laryngeal system, and articulatory/resonating system

Question 4

What structures are involved in the respiratory system?

Answer 4

lungs and trachea

Question 5

What is the trachea?

Answer 5

wind pipe; where air travels from the lungs to the bronchi

Question 6

What are the lungs?

Answer 6

pair of air-filled sacs that permit us to breathe; they change in shape and size

Question 7

What muscles in the body are inspiratory muscles?

Answer 7

the diaphragm (main muscle), thoracic and neck muscles

Question 8

What muscles in the body are expiratory muscles?

Answer 8

muscles on the front and on the sides of the abdomen

Question 9

What is tidal breathing?

Answer 9

breathing that maintains life; also known as quiet breathing

Question 10

What is alveolar pressure?

Answer 10

pressure within the lungs

Question 11

What is the primary structure of the phonatory system?

Answer 11

larynx

Question 12

What is the larynx?

Answer 12

voice box

Question 13

What is the hyoid bone?

Answer 13

point where the laryngeal and tongue muscles meet; shape like a horseshoe

Question 14

What is the thyroid cartilage?

Answer 14

biggest laryngeal cartilage; it forms most of the front and sides of the laryngeal skeleton

Question 15

What is the thyroid prominence?

Answer 15

Adam’s apple, protusion that is below the thyroid notch

Question 16

What is the uvula?

Answer 16

where your velum or soft palate ends

Question 17

What is phonation?

Answer 17

vibrating vocal folds producing speech

Question 18

What are harmonics?

Answer 18

whole number multiples of the fundamental frequency; involved in describing the speech production process

Question 19

What do vocal folds do during respiration?

Answer 19

they abduct (move apart)

Question 20

What do vocal folds do during phonation?

Answer 20

they adduct (move together)

Question 21

What is one respiratory cycle defined as?

Answer 21

one inspiratory cycle and one expiratory cycle