Ch. 1-Communication Disorders and Clinical Services Flashcards
What distinguishes SLPs from other healthcare professionals?
They identify, evaluate, treat, and stop communication disorders of all modalities (including writing, pictures, speech, actions) both receptively and expressively.
What is augmentative/alternative communication?
ways for those with communication disorders to communicate
What is effectiveness?
chance of benefitting from an intervention method under average circumstances; A.K.A what works in the real world
What are central auditory processing disorders?
subset of hearing disorders; failing to process information from auditory signals but they can still hear the signals
What is a hearing disorder?
type of communication disorder; auditory system is less sensitive to sound, because it’s impaired or weakened
What is a language scientist?
one who investigates how children learn their native tongue
What is a speech disorder?
type of communication disorder; hearing one’s speech and the sounds they are making are unusual, the flow of speech is interrupted, or qualities of voice (e.g. pitch, loudness, resonance, intonation) are missing or unusually produced.
What is the IDEA?
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA); established new early intervention services and birth to age 6 programs; it was renamed from the EAHCA ACT of 1975
What is a communication disorder?
being unable to receive, send, process, and understand ideas or verbal, nonverbal, and graphic information.
What are central auditory processing disorders known as?
auditory processing disorders
What is a peer-review article?
articles that are scrutinized by experts in that given field and accepted or rejected based on the quality of research
What is efficacy?
the chance of benefitting from an intervention method under ideal circumstances. Used in regards to a clearly identified population, focused treatment protocol, and a method done under prime conditions
What is an audiologist?
specialists who determine hearing ability and identify, evaluate, manage, and prevent disorders of hearing and balance and of auditory processing disorders
What is a speech scientist?
one who does research on the A&P of speech-sound production and the physics of speech-sound production; they are involved in creating speech used in telephone answering systems and in making voices for people who can’t talk to use
What is resonance?
quality of a sound being described as full and deep
What is a functional disorder?
an impairment that you can not explain to be caused by structure, mucosa, or neurology; can be psychogenic
What is a language disorder?
Difficulty in understanding and/or using spoken, written, and/or other symbol systems
What is an organic disorder?
an impairment that has a known etiology or cause
What is efficiency?
using the quickest method that involves the least effort and yield the greatest possible benefit, including unintended consequences
What is a speech language pathologist?
one who offer a myriad of services related to communication disorders and to disorders of swallowing.
What is ethical decision making?
reason + research regarding decision making
What is a hearing scientist?
one who investigate the nature of sound, hearing, and noise; they help make equipment that’s used to test hearing; help make equipment that’s used to test infants and those w/ severe physical or psychological impairements
What is a functional hearing loss?
false loss of hearing that cannot be explained as a known organic disorder.
What are examples of congenital organic disorders?
cerebral palsy and cleft lip palate
What characterizes a cognitive disorder?
deficits in memory, planning, sequencing, organization, self-awareness
What are examples of augmentative or alternative ways of communication?
facial expressions, symbols, pictures, and gestures
What does clinical decision making become when using EBP?
a mix of scientific evidence + clinical experience + client needs
In the US, when did speech therapists show up?
in the 1800s
In the US, when did audiologists show up?
in the 1920s
When did the organized group of practitioners (pre-ASHA) begin?
in the early 1900s
What year was ASHA’s name finalized?
1978
What is prevalence?
the number, or percentage of people within a specified population who have a particular disorder or condition at a given time (both old and new cases)
What is another feature of a speech disorder?
Disruption in speech sounds (articulation/production) and/or the planning of speech sounds (spoonerism/ Apraxia)
What is another definition of central auditory processing disorders?
Deficits in information processing, but with intact hearing abilities
What are examples of receptive communication disorders?
Hearing impairments, writing language comprehension problems, auditory processing, decoding
What are examples of expressive communication impairments?
Speech, writing, verbal, and content
What does Scope of practice refer to?
Refers to the extent that SLPs and Audiologists can practice in various settings
What is the purpose of the scope of practice document?
To state where SLPs and Audiologists can practice, to inform others about professional roles and the responsibilities, to support SLPs in providing excellent care, to support SLPs in the effort and spread of research, govern the educational preparation and professional development of SLPs to provide safe and effective services.
What are the eight domains of SLP service delivery?
Collaboration, counseling, prevention and wellness, screening, assessment, treatment, and modalities
What are the 9 practice areas that SLPs work with?
Speech recognition, resonance, voice, language, cognition, fluency, swallowing, feeding, auditory rehabilitation/habilitation
What does psychogenic mean?
It describes a disorder or disease caused by a psychological order.
What are 4 characteristics of Ataxic dysarthria?
Hard to walk and talk, reduced speech intelligibility, volatile ranges in pitch and loudness, slow and irregular rate of speech.
What are the 8 domains of SLP service delivery?
Collaboration, counseling, modalities, technology, and instrumentation, education, assessment, treatment, wellness, prevention
What are the 3 features involved in intonation?
Increase in volume, increase the length of voice, and raise the pitch
What is likely to occur in people over age 75?
People have less flexibility for word retrieval and make more language form errors: and memory decline can happen
When did organizers of practitioners for speech start?
In the early 1900s
