Motility of GI tract dysfunctions

Question 1

Peristaltic Rush

Answer 1

Mucosal irritation

ENS/ANS neural reflexes rapidly sweep SI contents into colon

Question 2

Hirschsprungs Disease

Answer 2

Congenital absence of myenteric plexus

Aganglionic regions of the colon lack peristalsis and undergo continuous spasm -> function obstruction and constipation

Question 3

Achalasia

Answer 3

LOS fails to relax
Food remains in oesophagus
Distention, inflammation, infection, ulceration
Vagal/myenteric defect

Question 4

Gastro-oesophageal Reflux

Answer 4

LOS tone lost - contents into oesophagus
Inflammation and ulceration
May be linked to hiatus hernia

Question 5

Dumping Syndrome

Answer 5

Rapid emptying into SI following meal
Nausea, pallor, sweating, cramps, vertigo, fainting
May be caused by hypertonic chyme causing rapid entrance of fluid

Question 6

Gastroparesis

Answer 6

Stomach fails to empty -> nausea/bloating
Prevents proper digestion
Sometimes caused by gastric cancer/peptic ulcers, other times impaired vagal stimulation to stomach in diabetics who develop autonomic neuropathy

Question 7

Gastric Ulcers

Answer 7

Caused by H pylori
H Pylori produces urease, which forms ammonia from urea
Also by NSAIDS
Breaks down stomach lining

Question 8

Paralytic Ileus

Answer 8

Loss of peristalsis following mechanical trauma