Anatomy 1

Question 1

What does the endoderm develop into

Answer 1

Majority of the gut, epithelium and glands of digestive tract

Question 2

What does the mesoderm develop into

Answer 2

Muscular layer

Question 3

Ectoderm…

Answer 3

Epithelium at extremities of tract

Question 4

Folds

Answer 4

Cranial-caudal
Lateral
at four weeks, cranial and caudal ends still closed by membranes - buck-pharyngeal & cloacal

Question 5

Foregut

Answer 5

Oesophagus
Stomach
Proximal half duodenum
Liver
Pancreas

Question 6

Midgut

Answer 6

Distal halft duodenum, jejunum, ileum,
Caecum
Ascending and 3/4 transverse colon

Question 7

Hindgut

Answer 7

1/4 transverse colon
Descending and sigmoid colon
Rectum

Question 8

How is the primitive gut held in position

Answer 8

Dorsal & Ventral Mesentery - suspends intestines; pathway for blood innervation and lymphatics to reach gut
Ventral mesentery degenerates during development

Question 9

Dorsal mesentery (posterior wall to gut) gives rise to

Answer 9

Gastrosplenic ligament
Lienorenal ligament
Greater omentum
Mesentery of small and large intestine

Question 10

Ventral mesentary gives rise to

Answer 10

Ligaments around the liver
Falciform ligament
Lesser momentum

Question 11

Muscles of anterior abdominal wall

Answer 11

External oblique - from lower 8 ribs to linea alba and iliac crest
Internal oblique - from inguinal ligament and iliac crest to linea alba and costal margin
Transversus abdominis - from inguinal ligament and lower 6 ribs and iliac crest to linea alba
Rectus abdominis from pubic symphysis and crest to xyphoid process and 5-7 costal cartilages

Question 12

Blood supply/innervation of anterior abdominal wall

Answer 12

Superior and inferior epigastric, intercostal, circumflex iliac arteries
Thoracoepigastric veins
Thoracoabdominal nerves

Question 13

Communication through lesser/greater sacs

Answer 13

Communicate via epiploic foramen (of Winslow)

Question 14

Inguinal canal serves as a passageway for

Answer 14

Spermatic cord to reach the scrotum (larger in males)
The round ligament to reach the labia majora
Genital nerve, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels

Question 15

What is the inguinal canal limited by

Answer 15

The superficial and deep inguinal rings

Question 16

Spermatic cord consists of

Answer 16

Vas deferens, gonadal vessels, nerves, lymphatics, cremaster muscle

Question 17

Spermatic cord takes a sleeve/covering from 3 layers

Answer 17

Transversalis fascia (innermost covering) - internal spermatic fascia
Internal oblique (middle)
External oblique (outer covering)

Question 18

Function of the muscles

Answer 18

EO: torsional movement of trunk
IO: flex and rotate trunk, compress viscera
TA: compress and support viscera
RA: flex trunk, compress viscera

Question 19

Where does the duodenum end

Answer 19

Duodenal-jejunal flexure

Question 20

How long is the jejunum

Answer 20

3 metres

Circular folds, villi and microvilli increase surface area

Question 21

Length of large intestine

Answer 21

1.5 metres

Question 22

Branches of superior mesenteric

Answer 22

Distal part of duodenum to proximal 2/3 of transverse colon
Jejunal and ileal branches
Middle and right colic
Ileocaecal

Question 23

Branches of inferior mesenteric

Answer 23

Distal 1/3 transverse colon to 1/2 way down anal canal
Left colic
Sigmoid
Superior rectal