Anatomy 3 Flashcards
PEAR DUCKS
Kidneys, suprarenal glands, aorta and IVC
Retroperitoneal structures
Kidneys and ureter
Extraperitoneal structures
Bladder and urethra
Kidney location
T12-L3
Receive 20% cardiac output
Cortex and medulla
Posterior abdominal wall
Renal Imaging
Contrast radiology, CT, MRI
Renal pain caused by
Stretching capsule - increased internal pressure
Spasm of smooth muscle of renal pelvis
Referred to T12 cutaneous area
Renal transplant
Implanted into iliac fossa
Vessels are anastomosed - renal artery to external iliac artery and renal vein to external iliac vein
A ureterocystostomy is done straight into bladder
Kidney Malformations
Bilateral/unilateral renal agenesis Supernumerary kidneys Renal fusion Ectopic kidney Simple/polycystic kidney
Kidney stones
Seen on plain film radiographs
Or CT urography
Cause of renal colic - pain caused by peristaltic movement of ureters - felt in waves
Shock wave lithotripsy is standard treatment
3 narrowest points of ureters
Pelviureteric junction
Crossing iliac vessels/pelvic brin
Entering bladder
Shape of suprarenal glands
Right: pyramidal
Left: semilunar
Internal anatomy of suprarenal glands
Cortex: corticosteroids, sex hormones
Medulla: adrenaline
- neurovascular supply: sup, mid, inf suprarenal arteries and vein, abdomenpelvic nerves - splanchnic
Which bones is the post abdominal wall comprised of
ribs 11 & 12
Lumbar vertebrae
Sacrum
Illia
Nerves of diaphragm
Phrenic C3-5 - motor
Intercostal T5-11 and subcostal T12 - sensory
Quadratus Lumborum
Posterior to kidneys
Iliac crest to rib 12 (attached laterally to TA)
Provides stability/lateral flexion
Lumbar arteries, veins and nerves
Psoas and Iliacus
Psoas may and min originate at lumbar vertebrae & converge to iliopsoas
Iliac originates at iliac fossa
All insert at lesser trochanter femur and function as hip flexors
Arteries and veins - lumbar
Nerves - femoral
Abdominal Aorta branches
Midline - CSI - coeliac (T12), sup (L1) and inf mesenteric (L3)
Parietal - lumbar
Visceral - renal and gonadal (L2)
Bifurcates into common iliac vessels at L4/5
Abdominal aortic aneurysm
Somatic innervation by nerve plexuses
Lumbar and sacral plexus (right and left respectively)
Autonomic innervation
Control of organs, sweat glands, smooth muscle
Splanchnic nerves involved (synapse to postganglionic neurones at specific central ganglia - prevertebral ganglia)
Prevertebral ganglia
Anterior to vertebral column and aorta
Greater, lesser and least - synapse at coeliac and aorticorenal ganglion to innervate suprarenal glands
Dermatomes
Stomach: felt in skin of dermatomes T5-9
Appendix: T10
Gallbladder: T7-9
With parietal peritoneum involvement: C3, 4
