More verbs and other words Flashcards
Contar –Give present, preterite, imperfect, and participle
To count • Cuento • Cuenta • Cuentas • Cuentado (participle) • Conté, contó (preterite) • Contaba, contabas (imperfect)
Dar (2) –Give present, preterite, imperfect, and participle
To give, to take (as in, “to take a step forward”, which is actually ‘giving’ a step forward → “To take” [in the traditional sense] = Tomar)
Present • Doy (1st person present) • Da (He/she/it gives, OR IMPERATIVE) • Das • Dan • Damos
Past
• Di, dio, diste (tú) (preterite)
• Daba, daba, dabas (imperfect)
• Dado (participle)
Yo le doy el dinero para comprar los boletos.
-I’m giving him the money in order to buy the tickets.
Les doy mi palabra.
-I give you that commitment.
Les doy la bienvenida.
-I wish a very warm welcome to you all.
Le doy las gracias.
-You have my sincere thanks.
Doy simplemente un ejemplo.
-Let me give you one simple example.
Deber (4) –Give present, preterite, imperfect, and participle
To owe, must/should/ought to do something
Present • Debo • Debe • Debes • Debemos • Deben
Past
• Preterite –Debí (yo), debío (3rd person), debiste (tú)
• Imperfect –Debía, debías
○ Imperfect tense usually used
Participle
• Debido
No tome más que las pastillas que debe tomar.
-Do not take more pills than you are supposed to.
Estas pastillas deberían aliviar las palpitaciones.
-These pills should alleviate the throbbing.
Yo debería haber manejado.
-I should have driven.
La muerte debió de ocurrir repentinamente.
-Death must have occurred suddenly.
No debes insultarle, no le insultes.
-You must not insult him, don’t insult him.
No debió hacerlo, sin embargo lo hizo.
-He should not have done it, however he did it.
No me debes nada.
-You don’t owe me anything.
Decir (2) –Give present, preterite, imperfect, subjunctive, and participle
To say, to tell
Present • Digo *When I speak, I dig [digo] myself into a hole* • Dice • Dices • Decimos • Dicen
Past
• Preterite – Dije, dijo, dijiste (tú)
○ More common than imperfect → Saying something is considered an event.
• Imperfect – Decía, decías
• Participle – Dicho
○ Very common
• Subjunctive –Diga, Digas
*Cir is a seer who is concerned with what people say. She likes to read into everything that people say.
¿Cómo se dice?
-How does one say?
¿Qué decías ?
What were you saying?
-Me han dicho que / He escuchado que
I heard that
Juan dijo que estaría esperándonos.
-Juan said he would be waiting for us.
Y vosotros, ¿qué decís ?
-And you all, what do you say?
A vosotros no os dicen nada.
-They say nothing to you guys.
no decir nada
-to not say a word
Él dijo que iría.
-He said he would go.
Hablar –Give present, preterite, imperfect, future, subjunctive, participle, and gerund
To speak
Present
• Hablo
• Habla (3rd person)
• Hablas
Preterite
• Hablé (yo)
• Habló (tú)
Imperfect
• Hablaba (1st and 3rd)
• Hablabas
Future • Hablaré • Hablará • Hablarás • Hablaremos
Subjunctive
• Hable (1st and 3rd)
• Hables
• Hablemos
Participle
• Hablado
Gerund
• Hablando
○ “We are speaking” → With emphasis that it is current and ongoing.
Oír (2) –Give present (2), preterite, imperfect, subjunctive, and participle
To hear/listen
Present • Oigo (OY-go) • Oye (3rd person) ○ Oye also means "Hey" → "Oye vato" = Hey dude • Oyes • Oímos (él/ella/usted) • Oyen
Preterite
• Oí (yo)
• Oíste (tú)
• Oyó (3rd person)
Imperfect
• Oía (1st and 3rd)
• Oías (tú)
Subjunctive
• Oiga
• Oigas
Participle
• Oído
Necesitar (2) –Give present, preterite, imperfect, subjunctive, and participle
To need, to require
Present • Necesito • Necesita • Necesitas • Necesitamos • Necesitan
Preterite • Necesité • Necesitó • Necesitamos • Necesitaron
Imperfect
• Necesitaba
• Necesitabas
• Necesitabamos
Subjunctive
• Necesitara
• Necesitaras
Participle
• Necesitado
Ultímo (3)
MiLF
Most recent, last, final
Room (and one other definition)
Cuarto; masc. (also ‘fourth’)
*Joel has a special room that he keeps all of his quarters [cuarto] in.
Corner
Esquina (f)
*In his bedroom, Joel has a very sharp corner near his bed that he always skins [esquina] his knee on.
Tierra (3)
Dirt, earth, land
Uncle, aunt
Tío (uncle; m.), Tía (aunt; f.)
*Joel doesn’t like his uncle because he always tries to steal his tea.
Light
Luz (f)
*Joel is too lazy to fix the lights in his house, therefore, they are always loose [luz].
To see –present (w/ subjunctive), past (preterite, imperfect, participle), and future
Ver (infinitive)
Present • Veo • Ve • Ves • Vemos • Ven • Subjunctive – Vea, veas
Past
• Preterite –Vi, vio, viste, vimos, vieron
○ Joel looked through one of Ver’s telescopes and saw [vi] the V on his wall.
• Imperfect –Veía (1st and 3rd), veías, veíamos, veían
• Participle –Visto
Future - Veré, verá
To see it/him, to see you
Verlo, verte
To think –present (w/ gerund), past (preterite, imperfect, participle)
Pensar - To think (about a subject, or in general)
• Not “to think that something is the case” → That would be ‘creer’
Present • Pienso • Piensa • Piensas • Pensamos • Piensan • Gerund/present participle - Pensando
Past
• Preterite - Pensé, pensó
• Imperfect - Pensaba (1st and 3rd), pensabas
• Participle - Pensado
Pasar (2) –Present (w/ gerund), past (preterite, imperfect, participle)
Pasar (2) - To pass, to happen (come to pass)
Present • Paso • Pasa • Pasas • Pasamos • Pasan • Gerund/present participle - Pasando (happening)
Past
• Preterite –Pasé, pasó
• Imperfect –Pasaba, pasabas
• Participle –Pasado (passed)
Neither
Tampoco
*The pandas can’t ride on the ferris wheel because they have no knees. Yet somehow, a guy in the market accuses the one panda of poking him with his knees.
Cuanto
As much as
• Can be cuanta (when referring to feminine nouns) or cuantas, cuantos
Acá
Here
• Synonymous with aquí; it’s just a dialectical difference.
To where(?)
Adónde
¿Adónde va este tren?
-Where is this train headed
Exactamente
Exactly
Final
Final, adj.- Final, last, unalterable
• e.g. Final destination, final grades
Enough
Bastante
• Tends to mean “enough” in a negative sense → e.g. “We’ve had enough, we don’t want any more.”
Tienen bastante tiempo.
-They have enough time.
*The chief in Joel’s yard taunts him until Joel says, “Stop taunting [bastante] me, that is enough!
Peace
Paz (f)
Security
Seguridad (f)
Really, honestly (idiom)
De veras
Dog
Perro (m)
Phone
Teléfono (m)
Fire
Fuego (m)
Parents
Sus padres
Sister
Hermana
List
Lista (f)
Entrar –Present (w/ subjunctive and gerund), past (w/ preterite, imperfect, participle)
To enter
Present • Entro • Entra • Entras • Entramos • Entran • Subjunctive – Entre
Past
• Preterite – Entré, entró, entramos, entraron
• Imperfect –Entraba, entrabas, entrábamos, entraban
• Participle –Entrado
To find (and another def.) – Present (w/ subjunctive and gerund), past (w/ preterite, imperfect, participle)
Encontrar - To find, to encounter
Present
• Encuentro, encuentra, encuentras, encontramos, encuentran
• Subjunctive – Encuentre, encuentres
• Gerund –Encontrando
Past
• Preterite –Encontré, encontró, encontramos, encontraron
• Imperfect –Encontraba, encontrabas
• Participle –Encontrado
To forget –Present (w/ subjunctive and gerund), past (w/ preterite, imperfect, participle), and future
Olvidar - To forget
Present
• Olvido, olvida, olvidas, olvidamos, olvidan
• Subjunctive –Olvide, olvides
• Gerund – Olvidando
Past
• Preterite – Olvidé, olvidó
• Imperfect –Olvidaba, olvidabas
• Participle –Olvidado
Future – Olvidaré, olvidará
*Olvidar is a store run by Dar’s father, who is always forgetting things because he is so old [olvidar].
To call –Present (w/ subjunctive and gerund), past (w/ preterite, imperfect, participle)
Llamar (ya-MAR) - To call
• As is calling somebody something (like their name), or actually calling somebody (shouting their name or calling them on the phone).
• This verb is how you ask somebody their name → ¿Cómo te llamas? “How do you call yourself?”
Present
• Llamo, llama, llamas, llamamos, llaman
• Subjunctive –Llame, llames
• Gerund –Llamando
Past
• Preterite –Llamé, llamó, llamamos, llamaron
• Imperfect – Llamaba, llamabas, llamábamos, llamaban
• Participle –Llamado
Comer –Present (w/ subjunctive and gerund), past (w/ preterite, imperfect, participle)
To eat
Present • Como • Come • Comes • Comemos • Comen • Gerund –Comiendo • Subjunctive –Coma, comas
Past
• Preterite –Comí, comío, comimos, comieron
• Imperfect –Comía, comías
• Participle –Comido
To read –Present (w/ subjunctive and gerund), past (w/ preterite, imperfect, participle)
Leer - To read
Present • Leo • Lee • Lees • Leemos • Leen • Subjunctive –Lea, leas
Past
• Preterite –Leí, leyó, leímos, leyeron
• Imperfect –Leía, leías, leíamos, leían
• Participle –Leído
Vivir –Present (w/ subjunctive and gerund), past (w/ preterite, imperfect, participle)
To live
Present
• Vivo, vive, vives, vivimos, viven
• Subjunctive –Viva, vivas
• Gerund –Viviendo
Past
• Preterite –Viví, vivío, vivimos, vivieron
• Imperfect –Vivía, vivías, vivíamos, vivían
• Participle –Vivido
To put (very irregular) - Present (w/ subjunctive), past (preterite, imperfect, participle), future
Poner - To put
Present
• Pongo, pone, pones, ponen, ponemos
• Subjunctive –Ponga, pongas, pongamos
Past
• Preterite –Puse, puso, pusiste, pusimos, pusieron
• Imperfect – Ponía, ponías, poníamos, ponían
• Participle – Puesto
Future
• Pusiere, pusieres
Matar (3) - Present (w/ subjunctive), past (preterite, imperfect, participle), future
Matar - To kill, slay, slaughter
Present
• Mato, mata, matas, matamos, matan
• Subjunctive –Mate, mates
Past
• Preterite –Maté, mató, mataste, matamos, mataron
• Imperfect –Mataba, matabas, matábamos, mataban
Future
• Mataré, matará, matarás
To work - Present (w/ subjunctive, gerund), past (preterite, imperfect, participle), future
Trabajar - To work
Present
• Trabajo, trabaja, trabajas, trabajamos, trabajan
• Subjunctive –Trabaje, trabajes, trabajemos, trabajen
• Gerund –Trabajando
Past
• Preterite –Trabajé, trabajó
• Imperfect –Trabajaba, trabajabas
• Participle –Trabajado
Future –Trabajaré, trabajará
Quedar (4) - Present (w/ subjunctive, gerund), past (preterite, imperfect, participle), future
Quedar: To stay, to remain, to be left, to be left over
• Typically used with the reflexive tense
Present
• Quedo, queda, quedas, quedamos, quedan
• Subjunctive – Quede, quedes, quedemos, queden
• Gerund –Quedando
Past
• Preterite –Quedé, quedó, quedamos, quedaron
• Imperfect – Quedaba, quedabas, quedábamos, quedaban
• Participle –Quedado
Future –Quedaré, quedará
To die - Present (w/ subjunctive, gerund), past (preterite, imperfect, participle), future
Morir - To die
Present
• Muero, muere, mueres, morimos, mueren
• Subjunctive –Muera, mueras, muramos, mueran
• Gerund –Muriendo
Past
• Preterite –Morí, murió, moriste, morimos, murieron
• Imperfect –Moría, morías, moríamos, morían
• Participle –Muerto
Future –Muriere, murieres
