Adverbs

Question 1

Hola

Answer 1

Hello

• Don’t pronounce H’s

Question 2

Tan (3; mnemonic)

Answer 2

SAS (mnemonic)

1. So (much)
   • As in “so quickly” or “so red”
   • Modifies adverbs or adjectives
   “Mi hijo estaba tan cansado cuando llegó que se durmió enseguida.”
   — My son was so tired when we arrived, he fell asleep immediately.
2. As (in comparisons)
   “Es tan alto como su hermano.”
   — He is as tall as his brother.
3. Such
   “¡Hace muchos años que no tomábamos una cena tan buena!”
   — We haven’t had such a good dinner in many years!

*The meat vendor steps into the sun and becomes so tan (like his red meat) almost immediately.

Question 3

Gracias

Answer 3

Thank you/Thanks

Question 4

Antes (de)

Answer 4

Before
• Antes means first.
• Pertains to time and location.
• “Perdón, señor. Estaba antes de ti en la fila.”
• “Excuse me, sir. I was before you in the line.”

*At the greens vendor, he has them line up women before men. But he calls the women aunties, and says “aunties before uncles.”

Question 5

Siempre

Answer 5

Always

*The greens vendor says to Joel that he only sells to people with friends. Joel says that he has an imaginary friend, the emperor [siempre], who is always at home.

Question 6

Nunca

Answer 6

Never

*The greens vendor says that he only sells lettuce at noon, but by “noon” [nunca], he means “never.”

Question 7

Ahora

Answer 7

Now - (ah-ORD-uh)
“Ahora es mi turno, después será el tuyo.”
“Now it’s my turn, afterwards it’ll be yours.”

*Joel gets impatient and says he wants his lettuce order [ahora] right now.

Question 8

Ahí (2)

Answer 8

1. There (indicating position)

“¡Ahí está mi cartera!”
– There’s my wallet!

“Ahí hay un problema.”
– There is a problem here.

“Está ahí, por escrito.”
– It is there, in print.

“¿Qué hacemos realmente ahí?”
– What are we really doing there?

2. Then (indicating moment in time)
   * Joel sees a spider in the fruit and screams “Aiiii [ahí]! There is a spider!”

Question 9

Dónde

Answer 9

Where? (when asking a question)

Q: “¿Dónde estás ahora” (Where are you right now?)
A: “Aquí, en casa.” (Here, at home)

*The fruit vendor tries to distract Joel from the spider and points to the sky and says “Look, it is dawn [dónde]!”
• Joel looks up and says “Where?!?”

Question 10

Cómo (2)

Answer 10

1. How (in the form of a question, i.e. “in what way?”)
   • Adverb
   • Cómo estás? - How are you?

“¿Cómo se describiría a usted mismo?”
– How would you describe yourself?

“¿Cómo puedo llegar a Madrid?”
– How do I get to Madrid?

2. What

“Yo no sé cómo se llama.”
– I don’t know what it’s called.

“¿Cómo se llama usted?”
– What’s your name?

*At the veg stand, Joel thinks the vendors hair looks like that of the con-man. So Joel asks “How do you comb [cómo] your hair?”

Question 11

También (3)

Answer 11

Also (equally), too, as well

“París también es conocida como capital del mundo de la moda.”
— Paris is also known as the fashion capital of the world.

“Yo tengo tres hermanos y mi mejor amiga también.”
— I have three siblings and my best friend does too.

*Joel asks if his friend Tom can also pay in yen, and the vendor says “Tom bien [tambien], Tom is ok.”

Question 12

Entonces (2)

Answer 12

Then (referring to the logical conclusion of a statement, or referring to a point in time).

1. (introducing a conclusion)
   “Si ellos están aquí, entonces, ¿quién está en casa?”
   — If they’re here, then who’s at home?
2. (at that time)
   “Éramos muy felices entonces.”
   — We were very happy then.

*The greens vendor hears the clock tone say it’s 5 oclock. So the vendor says “the tone says [entonces] 5, then it is time to close.”

Question 13

Como (3)

Answer 13

1. As
   a.) “Nada es tan bueno en esta vida como la casa de uno.”
   — Nothing is so good in this life as [como] the house of one (one’s house).
   b.) I use my computer as a telephone (expressing a role or function).
2. Like (comparative)
   “Quiero ser como tú.”
   — I want to be like you.