Moral Development {18} Flashcards
Define & Explain:
Moral Reasoning?
Heinz Dilemma?
As children develop cognitive and social skills, they also develop a sense of right and wrong
Heinz steals unfairly overpriced drug in order to save his wife
Explain:
Kohlberg’s 3 Stages of Moral Reasoning?
How does it move?
- Pre-Conventional
- Conventional
- Post-Conventional
Moves from being focused on the self, to others, to society as a whole
Define & Explain:
Pre-Conventional?
Stages?
1: Obedience and Punishment Orientation
Authority is outside the individual and reasoning is based on consequences of actions
2: Individualism and Exchange
There is not just one right view. Different individuals have different viewpoints.
1 & 2
Maximizing Reward & Avoiding Punishment
Define & Explain:
Conventional?
Stages?
Stage 3: Good Interpersonal Relationships
The child is good in order to be seen as a good person to others.
Stage 4: Maintaining Social Order
Laws are passed to uphold the law and avoid guilt
3 & 4
Person values caring, trust, and relationships, as well as social order and lawfulness
Define & Explain:
Post-Conventional?
Stages?
Stage 5: Social Contract and Individual Rights
The child recognizes that there are some laws that exist for the good of the greater, but works against the interests of other individuals
Stage 6: Universal Principles
People developed their own set of moral guidelines which may or may not fit the law. However, they are willing to do anything to defend the perspective
Universal Moral rules trump injust or immoral local rules
Define:
Principle of Civil Disobedience?
Disobeying the more local rule or law to set right unjust and immoral laws and societies
Explain:
Mathes’ theory w/ Kohlberg?
Moral development progress is in direct conjuction with social evolution
Define:
Imprinting?
The following and imitation of the first large creature infants see immediately after birth
Define:
Attachment?
The strong emotional connection that develops early in life to keep infants close to their caregivers
Define:
Seperation Anxiety?
The distress reaction shown by babies when they are seperated from their primary caregivers
List & Explain:
Problems w/ Kohlberg’s Methods?
- The dilemmas are artificial
- The sample is biased
- The dilemmas are hypothetical
- Poor Research Design
List:
Problems w/ Kohlberg’s Theory?
- Are there distinct stages of moral development?
- Does moral judgement match moral behavior?
- Is justice the most fundamental moral principle?
Explain:
Are there distinct stages of moral development?
Problems with Kohlberg’s Theory
Evidence does not always support this conclusion…
Right and Wrong are more situation based rather than based on general rules
Explain:
Does moral judgement match moral behavior?
Problems with Kohlberg’s Theory
There is no one to one correspondence between thinking and acting:
a. Habits that people have developed over time
b. Whether people see situation as demanding their participation
c. The costs and benefits of behaving in a particular way
d. Competing motive such as peer pressure. self-interest and so on…
Moral behavior = Moral reasoning + Social Factors
Is justice the most fundamental moral principle?
Problems with Kohlberg’s Theory
Principle of caring is equally important to justice…
THERE IS ALSO A SEX BIAS
Differentiate:
Technical Problems vs. Adaptive Challenges
Technical: Have known solutions that experts or authorities can solve
Adaptive: Both the problem and solution are unclear
Differentiate:
Informational vs. Transformation Learning
Informational: Focuses on increasing your technical and tactical capacity to solve these technical
Transformational Learning: Requires changes in one’s way of knownig rather than jsut a beahvior change or increase in content knowledge
Define:
Constructivism?
People actively construct, or make sense of their experiences
Define:
Developmentalism?
The ways in which people make meaning can develop over time and across the life-span
Identify:
Kegan’s 5 Stages of Development?
Orders of Mind?
Stages 2, 3, & 4?
- Impulsive Mind
2. Instrumental Mind
3. Socialized Mind
4. Self-Authoring Mind - Self-Transforming Mind
Stages or ‘Ways of Knowing’
Most relevant to adolesence & Childhood
Subject To? And Holding Object?
Subject To: The subjective aspects of our experience that we cannot analyze in an objective or unbiased manner
Holding Object:The aspects of our experience that we can take responsibility for
Explain:
Instrumental/Imperial Order Mind?
What Stage?
- Individual feels responsible for and is concerned with his or her own needs, desires, and purposes instead of the needs of the group
PLEBES
Stage 2
Deep Empathy not possible, ‘Whats in it form?’, View people as helpers or hindrances
Socialized Mind?
What Stage? Relativistic Thinking?
- No longer see others as a means to an end…
- they have learned to subordinate indivudal desires to the desires of others
- Success of the team/company
-YUKS TRANSITIONING TO THIS STAGE; MOST FIRSTIES
Stage 3; Aware of differing opinions and no absolute truth
Self-Authoring Mind?
What Stage?
- Retain everything in Stage 3
- They have created a self that exist outside of its relationship to others
- Commitment within relativistic thinking
- Comfortably hold contradictory feelings simultaneously
- intrinsic thinking & comparison
Stage 4
Define:
Holding Environemnts?
Provide both adaptive challenges and support for growth
Identify:
5 Moral Values of Moral Foundation Theory?
- Care/Harm
- Fairness/Cheatng
- Ingroup Loyalty/Betrayal
- Authority/Subversion
- Purity/Degradation
