Moral Development {18} Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Define & Explain:

Moral Reasoning?

Heinz Dilemma?

A

As children develop cognitive and social skills, they also develop a sense of right and wrong

Heinz steals unfairly overpriced drug in order to save his wife

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Explain:

Kohlberg’s 3 Stages of Moral Reasoning?

How does it move?

A
  1. Pre-Conventional
  2. Conventional
  3. Post-Conventional

Moves from being focused on the self, to others, to society as a whole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define & Explain:

Pre-Conventional?

Stages?

A

1: Obedience and Punishment Orientation
Authority is outside the individual and reasoning is based on consequences of actions

2: Individualism and Exchange
There is not just one right view. Different individuals have different viewpoints.

1 & 2

Maximizing Reward & Avoiding Punishment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define & Explain:

Conventional?

Stages?

A

Stage 3: Good Interpersonal Relationships
The child is good in order to be seen as a good person to others.
Stage 4: Maintaining Social Order
Laws are passed to uphold the law and avoid guilt

3 & 4

Person values caring, trust, and relationships, as well as social order and lawfulness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define & Explain:

Post-Conventional?

Stages?

A

Stage 5: Social Contract and Individual Rights
The child recognizes that there are some laws that exist for the good of the greater, but works against the interests of other individuals
Stage 6: Universal Principles
People developed their own set of moral guidelines which may or may not fit the law. However, they are willing to do anything to defend the perspective

Universal Moral rules trump injust or immoral local rules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define:

Principle of Civil Disobedience?

A

Disobeying the more local rule or law to set right unjust and immoral laws and societies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Explain:

Mathes’ theory w/ Kohlberg?

A

Moral development progress is in direct conjuction with social evolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define:

Imprinting?

A

The following and imitation of the first large creature infants see immediately after birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define:

Attachment?

A

The strong emotional connection that develops early in life to keep infants close to their caregivers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define:

Seperation Anxiety?

A

The distress reaction shown by babies when they are seperated from their primary caregivers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

List & Explain:

Problems w/ Kohlberg’s Methods?

A
  1. The dilemmas are artificial
  2. The sample is biased
  3. The dilemmas are hypothetical
  4. Poor Research Design
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

List:

Problems w/ Kohlberg’s Theory?

A
  1. Are there distinct stages of moral development?
  2. Does moral judgement match moral behavior?
  3. Is justice the most fundamental moral principle?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Explain:

Are there distinct stages of moral development?

Problems with Kohlberg’s Theory

A

Evidence does not always support this conclusion…
Right and Wrong are more situation based rather than based on general rules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Explain:

Does moral judgement match moral behavior?

Problems with Kohlberg’s Theory

A

There is no one to one correspondence between thinking and acting:
a. Habits that people have developed over time
b. Whether people see situation as demanding their participation
c. The costs and benefits of behaving in a particular way
d. Competing motive such as peer pressure. self-interest and so on…

Moral behavior = Moral reasoning + Social Factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Is justice the most fundamental moral principle?

Problems with Kohlberg’s Theory

A

Principle of caring is equally important to justice…
THERE IS ALSO A SEX BIAS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Differentiate:

Technical Problems vs. Adaptive Challenges

A

Technical: Have known solutions that experts or authorities can solve
Adaptive: Both the problem and solution are unclear

17
Q

Differentiate:

Informational vs. Transformation Learning

A

Informational: Focuses on increasing your technical and tactical capacity to solve these technical
Transformational Learning: Requires changes in one’s way of knownig rather than jsut a beahvior change or increase in content knowledge

18
Q

Define:

Constructivism?

A

People actively construct, or make sense of their experiences

19
Q

Define:

Developmentalism?

A

The ways in which people make meaning can develop over time and across the life-span

20
Q

Identify:

Kegan’s 5 Stages of Development?

Orders of Mind?

Stages 2, 3, & 4?

A
  1. Impulsive Mind
    2. Instrumental Mind
    3. Socialized Mind
    4. Self-Authoring Mind
  2. Self-Transforming Mind

Stages or ‘Ways of Knowing’

Most relevant to adolesence & Childhood

21
Q

Subject To? And Holding Object?

A

Subject To: The subjective aspects of our experience that we cannot analyze in an objective or unbiased manner
Holding Object:The aspects of our experience that we can take responsibility for

22
Q

Explain:

Instrumental/Imperial Order Mind?

What Stage?

A
  • Individual feels responsible for and is concerned with his or her own needs, desires, and purposes instead of the needs of the group
    PLEBES

Stage 2

Deep Empathy not possible, ‘Whats in it form?’, View people as helpers or hindrances

23
Q

Socialized Mind?

What Stage? Relativistic Thinking?

A
  • No longer see others as a means to an end…
  • they have learned to subordinate indivudal desires to the desires of others
  • Success of the team/company
    -YUKS TRANSITIONING TO THIS STAGE; MOST FIRSTIES

Stage 3; Aware of differing opinions and no absolute truth

24
Q

Self-Authoring Mind?

What Stage?

A
  • Retain everything in Stage 3
  • They have created a self that exist outside of its relationship to others
  • Commitment within relativistic thinking
  • Comfortably hold contradictory feelings simultaneously
  • intrinsic thinking & comparison

Stage 4

25
Q

Define:

Holding Environemnts?

A

Provide both adaptive challenges and support for growth

26
Q

Identify:

5 Moral Values of Moral Foundation Theory?

A
  1. Care/Harm
  2. Fairness/Cheatng
  3. Ingroup Loyalty/Betrayal
  4. Authority/Subversion
  5. Purity/Degradation