Identity & Social Development {19}

Question 1

Define:

Emerging Adulthood?

Answer 1

The phase between adolescence and young adulthood
18-25

Question 2

Identify:

Key Features of Emerging Adulthood?

Answer 2

1. Identity Exploration - Who am I really?
2. Instability - Job Relationships Education
3. Self-Focused - Stage of Living Alone
4. Feeling-in-Between - Between both adolescence and adulthood
5. Age of possibilities - Anything is possible for the future

Question 3

Identify:

Four Issues of identity formation?

Answer 3

1. Career Identity - After school, peopel do soul searching to figure out how they will spend their time and their life goals
2. Sexual Identity/Orientation - Questions about sexual preferences… occurs in adolescence 17- early 20s
4. Gender Identity - Questions about gender (trans, male, female, nonbinary)
5. Ethnic Identity - Questions about race heritage… usually occurs within mixed or biracial people

Question 4

Define & Identify:

What is Young Adulthood?

Varying Criteria?

Answer 4

• Financial and living arrangments have settled down
• People marry or form other long-term partnerships
• Usually occurs in the 20s

Different Thresholds based on different culture

Question 5

Identify:

Historical Changes of Marriage and Parenting?

Answer 5

• Average age of marriage increased from early 20s to late 20s
• Women tend to marry a bit earlier
• Age at which people get children has increased

Question 6

Explain:

Why have there been historical changes in marriage and parenting?

Answer 6

Marriage
- More people are pursuing higher education
- More people are living together prior to marraige
Parenthood
- EDUCATION!!!

Question 7

Define:

Erikson’s Theory of Social-Emotional Development?

Answer 7

Personality develops through a series of stages…

Focuses on role of social Interaction and relationships on development

Question 8

Identify:

8 Stages of E’s Psycho- Social Theory?

Answer 8

1. Trust vs. Mistrust
2. Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt
3. Initiative vs. Guilt
4. Industry vs. Inferiority
5. Identity vs. Confusion
6. Intimacy vs. Isolation
7. Generativity vs. Stagnation
8. Integrity vs. Despair

Question 9

Define:

Conflict?

Answer 9

Turning Points in development

Conflict = STAGES of DEVELOPMENT

Question 10

Explain:

Trust vs. Mistrust

Age Range? Other Info?

Infancy

Answer 10

Trust
Gained through dependability & quality of the caregivers
Mistrust
Lack of dependability & Care

0-1.5

Question 11

Explain:

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

Age Range? Other Info?

Early Childhood

Answer 11

Autonomy
Children gain a little more independence
Shame & Doubt
Failure to do tasks that merit personal control

1.5-3; Potty Training, Food Choices, Toy Preferences, Clothing Selection

**Balance of 2 = Will (the will to achieve something)

Question 12

Explain:

Initiative vs. Guilt?

Age Range? Other Info?

Preschool

Answer 12

Initiative
Asserting Control and power over their enviroment
Guilt
Chdilren who try to exert too much power and control over environment

3-5;

Balance of the 2 = Purpose

Question 13

Explain:

Industry vs. Inferiority

Age Range? Other Info?

Elementary School

Answer 13

Industry
Children who develop a sense of pride from coping with social and academic demands
Inferiority
Failure to cope with new social and academic demands

5-11

Balance = Competence and Belief in skills

Question 14

Explain:

Identity vs. Confusion

Age Range? Other Info?

Adolescence

Answer 14

Identity
Proper encouragement and reinforcement through personal exploration of self
Confusion
Unsureness of beliefs and desires about oneself and their future

10-20; Turbulent Teenage Years

Question 15

Explain:

Intimacy vs. Isolation

Age Range? Other Info?

Young Adulthood

Answer 15

Intimacy
People who develop intimate, close, and loving relationshsips with other people
Isolation
Failing to develop close and intimate relationships with other people

People who struggle with Identity have struggle w/ Isolation

19-40;

Successful Resolution = Virtue of Love

Question 16

Explain:

Generativity vs. Stagnation

Age Range? Other Info?

Middle Adulthood

Answer 16

Generativity
The feeling of contributing to the world (through children, work, lives)
Stagnation
Shallow involvement in the world, or belief that you are unproductive and uninvolved in the world

40-65

Virtue of Care is achieved

Question 17

Explain:

Ego Integrity vs. Despair

Age Range? Other Info?

Maturity

Answer 17

Ego Integrity
Reflecting back on life to determine if
Despair
Feeling regretful and bitter at a life they felt was not lived to its fullest

65 & Up

Attainment of Wisdom

Question 18

Identify:

Strengths & Weaknesses of Erikson’s Theory

Answer 18

Criticism
The methods of moving from one stage to the other is unclear
Support
Provides a broad framework from which to view developemnt throughout the ENTIRE lifespan

Question 19

Explain & Identify:

Marcia’s 4 Identity Status Theory?

What Age Range does this describe?

Answer 19

One’s sense of identity is determined largely by the choice and commitments made regarding certain personal and social traits
Statuses:
1. Identity Diffusion
2. Identity Foreclosure
3. Identity Moratorium
4. Identity Achievement

ADOLESCENCE

Question 20

Identity Diffusion?

Statuses of Marcia’s Theory

Answer 20

Does not have a sense of having choices… not willing to make a commitment

Question 21

Identity Foreclosure?

Statuses of Marcia’s Theory

Answer 21

• Adolescent seems willing to commit to some relevant roles, values, or goals for the future
• Conform to the expectations of others
• Have not experienced an identity crisis

Question 22

Identity Moratorium?

Statuses of Marcia’s Theory

Answer 22

• Adolescents are currently in a crisis, exploring various commitments and is ready to make choice but commited to one yet

Question 23

Identity Achievement?

Statuses of Marcia’s Theory

Answer 23

Gone through an identity crisis and made a commitment to a sense of identty that he or she has chosen