{23} Emotion Flashcards
Explain:
Emotions vs. Drives?
Emotions: Occurs from an infinite amount of triggers & can override biological drives
Drives: Linked to very specific needs and triggers
Define:
Emotion?
Brief, acute changes in conscious experience and physiology that occur in response to a meaningful situation in a person’s environment.
Define:
Affect?
Types of Affect
Referring to a variety of emotional phenomena, including emotions, moods, and affective traits
Define:
Moods?
More?
Types of Affect
Changes in affect that fluctuate throughout the day or over several days
Does not have to be about something particular
Define:
Affective Traits?
Example?
Types of Affect
Enduring aspects of our personalites that set the threshold for the occurrence of particular emotional states
Hostility or Anxiety
Define:
Basic Emotions?
Examples?
Fundamental states that play a role in essential life tasks
Anger, Disgust, Fear, Happiness, Sadness, and Surprise
Define:
Self-Conscious Emotions?
Examples?
Emotions that occur as a function of how well we live up to our expectations, the expectation of others, or the rules set by society
Embarrassment, Guilt, Humiliation, Pride, Shame
Explain:
Emotions in Evolutionary Perspective?
Emotions are adaptations to specific problems in our ancestral past and contribute to survival and reproductive success
Explain:
Positive vs. Negative Emotions?
Positive: Emotions that enable people to respond effectively to solve different kinds of adapative problems
Negative: Emotions that enable people to respond effectively to a significant challenge or obstacle
Explain:
Broaden-and-build Model?
Positive Emotion Benefits?
Negative Emotion Benefits?
Positive Emotions - widen our cognitive perspective
Negative Emotions - Promote a narrow, vigilant way of looking at the world
Perform better on tasks requiring broader attentional focus
Perform better on tasks that require narrow attentional focus and analytic thinking
Explain:
Emotion Process?
- Antecedent Event
- Appraisal & Reappraisal
- Emotional Response
a. Physiological Changes (Back to Appraisal)
b. Behavioral/Expressive Changes (Expressive Suppression)
c. Subjective Changes
Define:
Antecedent Events?
Example?
Emotion Process
An event that might trigger an emotion
Seeing dog poop on the sidewalk
Define:
Emotional Response?
Example?
Emotion Process
A response using an emotion based on a specific appraisal
Getting anxiety after moving to an entirely new city
Define:
Appraisal?
Dimensions of Appraisal?
Agency* (Emotion Process)
The evaluation of a siutation with respect to how relevant it is to one’s own welfare
Can be a consicious, deliberate process or automatic
Control, Agency, Pleasantness, Fairness
Whether you or somebody made it happen
Define:
Emotion Regulation?
Reappraisal? Expressive Suppression?
Emotion Process
Refers to the cognitive and behavioural efforts people make to modify their emotions
Reappraisal: When people reevalute their views of an event so that a different emotion results
Expressive Suppression: The deliberate attempt to inhibit the outward display of an emotion
Explain:
Physiological Changes?
Examples?
Emotion Process
Changes induce by emotion that involve the Autonomic Nervous System
Increases in Heart Rate and Respiration Rate
Explain:
How do people show Emotions?
Importance?
Behavioral-Expressive Changes
& Facial Expressives
There are universal facial expressions and behavioral expressions for most cultures
Explain:
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)?
A widely used method by which coders describe the observable muscular movements that are possible in the human face
Define:
Duchenne Smile?
A genunine smile that expresses true enjoyment
Identify & Explain:
Subjective Experiences?
Emotion Process
The quality of our conscious experience during an emotional response
Explain:
James-Lange Theory of Emotion?
Process & Main Point?
Physiological Theory
Emotion is caused by physiological responses to a stressor
Process: See the Stimulus -> Physiological Response -> Feeling Emotion
Critics:
- Feedback from bodily organs is not enough to prove variety of emotional experience (There are other factors)
EX: You feel fear because you start sweating and your hearts starts beating fast
Explain:
Facial-Feedback Theory of Emotion?
Example?
Physiological Theory
Emotions are direcetly tied to changes in Facial Muscles/Expressions
People forced to smile at social function = Have a good time
People forced to frown = Will most likely not have a good time
Explain:
Schachter-Singer Theory?
(or Two-Factor Theory of Emotion)
Process & Main Point?
Cognitive Theory
After responding to a stressor, your appraise the threat at the same time as changes happen in your body, which leads you to feel emotion
Process: See Stimulus -> Physiological Response + Apprasial -> Feeling Emotion
Appraisal of a Physiological response causes Emotion
Explain:
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion?
Process & Main Point?
Physiological Theory
You respond emotionally to a stressor at the same time the physiological changes in your body happen
Process: See Stimulus -> Physiological Response + Feeling Emotion
DOES NOT INDICATE THAT YOU FEEL EMOTION BECAUSE OF A PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE
Define:
Evolutionary Theory of Evolution?
Process & Main Point?
Neurological Theory
**Emotions exist because they serve an adapative role. **
- To respond quickly to stimuli in the environment which helps improve the chances of success and survival
Explain:
Lazarus’s Cognitive Mediational Theory?
Cognitive Theory
After being exposed to a stressor, you appraise the threat, then you feel the emotion, then you have a physiological response
Process: See Stimulus -> Cognitive Appraisal -> Feeling Emotion -> Physiological Response
Explain:
Functions of Amygdala, Prefrontal Cortex, Anterior Cingulate Cortex, Hypothalamus, Insula?
Role in Emotion
Amygdala: Responsible for Appraisal
Prefrontal Cortex: Evaluates relevance of events in the world to oneself
Anterior Cingulate Cortex: Recalls emotional Experiences
Hypothalamus: Generates pleasure and sense of reward with respect to emotions
Insula: Perceives and sense emotions arising in the body
Explain:
Neurocultural Theory of Emotion?
Display Rules?
Neurological Theory
Facial Expression & Physiological changes in basic emotions are universal
WHILE…
Appraisal and regulation of their emotion differ from one culture to another
Learned norms or rules, Often taught very early
Explain:
Gender & Emotion?
Emotion varies across gender ONLY IN:
-* Verbal Descrpition of Emotion:* Women talk more than men about emotions
- Facial Expression: Women can recognize facial expressions of emotion better, especially more subtle ones
- Brain Physiology: Women have a greater left amygdala activation to negative affect, while men have a greater amygdala activation to postive affect
