{36} Aggression & Sexual Violence

Question 1

Define:

Aggression?

Instumental Aggression? Hostile Agression?

Answer 1

Violent behavior that is intended to cause psychological or physical harm, or both, to another being

Instrumental:
Aggresion as a means to achieve a goal

Hostile:
Aggression that stems from anger

Question 2

Explain:

Frustration and agression?

Answer 2

Frustration or Unpleasant events cause aggression

Question 3

Explain:

Alcohol and aggression?

Reasons?

Answer 3

Alcohol is used deliberately to promote aggression
(EX) Soldiers getting alcohol before battle
Reasons:
1. Alcohol causes Myopic affect and causes cognitive functions to self-control (Pharmacological alcohol aggression
2. Poople expect alcohol to increase aggresion (Social Expectancy)

**DOES NOT CAUSE AGGRESION BUT INCREASES EFFECT OF AGGRESSION WITH OTHER FACTORS **
IT NEEDS PROVOCATION TOO

‘Cuts the break line instead of pushing on the gas’

‘Myopic affect on attention - causes people to focus only on most salient features of a situation and not subtle features

Question 4

Explain:

Anger & Aggression?

Catharsis?

Answer 4

Anger consists of bodily states and mental meanings
To reduce anger:
- Reduce your arousal state
- Mental Tactics
- Incompatible behaviors
- Viewing from a more distant perspective

Catharsis theory: Acting aggressively or viewing aggression purges angry feelings and aggressive impulses into harmless channels
Makes anger impossible to maintain

Question 5

Describe:

Effective and Ineffective approaches to reducing aggression?

Answer 5

Ineffective:
-Punishment
- Catharsis
Effective:
- Interventions that target as many causes of aggression as possible
- Best to treat aggression in early development

Question 6

Explain:

8 Bystander Intervention strategies to Reduce Sexual Assualt?

Answer 6

1. Disrupt the situation
2. Don’t act alone
3. Confront the harasser
4. Set the expectation to speak up and step in
5. Understand how your privelege positions you to speak up
6. Focus on the needs and experience of the target and ensure they receive the support they need
7. Take action online
8. Be proactive

Question 7

Explain:

4 Levels of the Social-Ecological Model for reducing Sexual Violence?

Answer 7

From smallest to Largest
1. Individual
- Attitudes and beliefs that support sexual violence; impulsive and antisocial behavior ; Childhood history
2. Relationship
Association with sexually aggressive peers ; family environment that is emotionally unsupportive, physically violent or strongly patriarchical
3. Community
General tolerance of sexual assault; lack of support from police or judicial system; poverty; lack of employment opportunities; weak community sanctions; against perpretrators
4. Societal
Inequalities based on gender, race, and sexual orientation, religious or cultural beliefs, economic and social policies

Question 8

Define

Violence?

Answer 8

Aggression intended to cause extreme physical harm (injury or death)

All violent acts are aggressive but not all aggressive acts are violent