{24} Stress and Health

Question 1

Define:

Stress?

Answer 1

When a situation overwhelms a peron’s perceived ability to meet the demands of that situation

Question 2

Define:

Stressors?

Answer 2

We call these events that push us to the limit or exceed our ability to manage a situation

Question 3

Identify:

Stimulus view of stress?

Answer 3

The focus on the situation that cause stress

Stress happens to us

Question 4

Identify:

Response view of stress?

Answer 4

The physiological changes that occur when someone encounters an excessively challenging situation

Stress in internal

Question 5

Identify:

Relational views of stress?

Answer 5

Defines stress as a particular relationship between people and the situations in which they find themselves

Stress emerges from pepole’s interpreation of the relevance of stressors

Question 6

Define:

Primary Appraisal? Secondary Appraisal?

Answer 6

Primary Appraisal:An assesment of what a situation means to us
Secondary Appraisal: Assessing resources availble to cope with stress… when emotional events escalate into stress when we cannot deal with the demands that the event details

Question 7

Explain:

Hypothalamic Pituitary-Gland (HPA) Axis vs. Adrenal-Medullary System?

Using Body Parts

Answer 7

Neuroendocrine System: Refers to the hormonal systems involved in emotions and stress
Adrenal-Medullary System:
1. Hypothalamus
2. Autonomic (Sympathetic) Nervous System kicks in
3. Goes to Adrenal medulla
4. Produces Norepinephrine (Increasining Heart RAte, Respiration)
Hypothalamic Pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis:
1. Hypothalamus produces CRF (Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)
2. Pituitary gland releases Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
3. Goes to Adrenal Cortex
4. Secretion of Cortisol (Increases Energy from the immune system & regulates immune system)

Cortisol: Stress (Energy) Hormone
Norepenephrine: Increases Heart Rate & Blood pressure, sympathetic (Autonomic) nervous system

Question 8

Identify:

Selye’s General Adaptation System?

3 Stages?

Answer 8

All stress is caused by a generalized, nonspecific set of changes in the body - no matter the type of elicitor
1. Alarm: Body’s emergency response to a threat (Activation of sympathetic nervous system & release of cortisol)
2. Resistance: The organism’s attempt to manage the threat
3. Exhuastion: Resources for fighting off threats have been depleted and illness becomes more likely

Question 9

Define:

Homestasis vs. Allostasis

Answer 9

Homeostasis: Recovery from stress occurs when all systems return to normal
Allostasis: Recovery from stress when our body returns to its Dynamic, normal, resting state that is actively responding to the world around us

Question 10

Identify:

Type A Behvaior Pattern?

Coping Mechanisms? Negative & Positive?

Heart Disease

Answer 10

The constant state of HOSTILITY, Impatience, Competitiveness, & Time Urgency

HOSTILITY-> Anger -> Cardiovascular reactivity -> Coronary artery disease -> Heart Disease
Positive: Exercise,
Negative: Alcohol, Excessive Exercise, Stress Eating, Smoking

Nictone: Stimulant
Alcohol: Depressent