{20} Personality I Flashcards
Define:
Personality?
2 Components?
The unique and relatively enduring set of behaviors, feelings, thoughts, and motives that characterize an individual
Uniqueness & Consistency
Explain:
Uniqueness?
Example?
What is another term for ‘Uniqueness’?
The uniqueness of an individual’s thoughts, feelings, and behavior
Characteristic of Perosnality -> Hostility -> Road Rage
Individual Differences
Explain:
Relatively Enduring Consistency?
Consistency Over Time: The extent to which a person behaves the same way throughout his or her lifespan
Consistency across situations: Refers to the consistently unique way a person behaves in different situations
Define:
Personality Trait?
Examples?
How is it distributed?
A disposition to behave consistently in a particular way
Friendliness & Intelligence
Normally distributed
Define:
Neuroticism?
What is it?
The extent to which a person is prone to anxiety, guilty, and sadness
or…
is calm, steady, and emotionally stable on the other hand
Personality Trait
Define:
Behavioral Thresholds?
Relationship to traits?
Low Threshold: You are likely to behave in a particular way
High Threshold: You are not likely to behave in a particular way
Personality traits lower behavioral Thresholds
Identify:
Humanistic Approach?
More details?
Belief that personality is developed through humans natural interest in realizing their full potential
Optimistic Approach; Study humans at best and worst
Define:
Positive Psychology?
Offshoot of what?
The focusing on positive states and experiences such as hope, optimism, wisdom, creativity, spirituality, and positive emotions
Humanism
Identify:
Maslow’s Self-Actualization?
People’s inherent drive to realize their full potential
Identify:
Maslow’s 5 common characteristics?
How many total?
- Spontaneity, Simplicity, Naturalness
- Problem-centered (Have a ‘calling’)
- Creativity (Self-Actualizing Rather than Specialized
- Deep Interpersonal Relationships
- Resistance to Enculturation
15 Total Characteristics
Explain:
Spontaneity, Simplicity, Naturalness?
5 Characteristic of Self-Actualizing People
People can be childlike in their ability to be spontaneous and straightforward; they do not pretend to be what they are not
Explain:
Problem-centered (Have a ‘calling’) ?
Peak Experiences?
5 Characteristic of Self-Actualizing People
People who suddenly figure out what they want to do in life and then devote the rest of their lives to it
Profound moments of personal importance or meaning
Explain:
Creativity (Self-Actualizing Rather than Specialized?
5 Characteristic of Self-Actualizing People
People who are able to readily solve problems with originiality and novelty
Explain:
Deep Interpersonal Relationships?
5 Characteristic of Self-Actualizing People
Likely to have few but PROFOUND relationships (Only have a few friends but are really close with them)
Explain:
Resistance to Enculturation?
5 Characteristic of Self-Actualizing People
People who are not likely to be influenced by the ideas and attitudes of others
Define:
Unconditional & Conditional Positive Regard?
More?
Unconditional:The ability to respect and appreciate another person unconditionally - regardless of their behaviour
Conditional: Conditions of worth that must be achieved in order to be considered successful
Explain:
Carl Rogers Belief?
In order for people to naturally strive to growth and fulfillment, they need Unconditional Positive Regard
Explain:
Real self vs. Ideal Self?
**Real Self: **What we really are
**Ideal Self: **What we would ideally like to be
Define:
Actualizing Tendency? Psychological Adjustment?
Actualizing Tendency: A person’s basic instinct to succeed at his or her highest possible capacity
Psychological Adjustment: The congruency between the real and ideal selves
Identify:
Humanism vs. Positive Psychology?
Positive psychologists are more likely to base their ideas on RESEARCH rather than speculation, clinical practice, and observation (Humanist stuff)
Identify:
Big 5 Factors?
OCEAN (or CANOE)
Openness, Conscientiousness,
Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism
Define:
Transcendence?
Superior Excellence; Supereminence
Define:
Humanistic Psychology?
The psychological perspective which emphasizes an individual’s inherent drive towards self-actualization and creativity
Identify:
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?
1.Physiological (Basic Needs: Breathing, Homeostaisis, Sleep)
2.Safety (Employment, Resources, Family)
3.Love (or Belonging) (Friendship, Family, Sexual Intimacy)
4.Esteem (Self-Esteem, Confidence, Achievement, Respect)
5.Self-Actualization (Morality, Creativity, Spontaneity)
Identify:
Criticisms of Maslow?
- Lack of Scientific Rigor & Empirical Evidence
- Extreme focus on the subjective experience of the individual
- Hierarchy of Needs has cultural biases (Reflects Western Influence)
Define:
Holistic?
Looking at a whole instead of seperating it by parts
Define:
Congruity?
An instance or point of agreement or correspondence between the ideal self and the real self
Define:
Self Concept?
An organized, fluid, conceptual pattern of concepts and values related to the self
Identify:
Openness?
How interested in neew experiences or new ideas is someone?
Hww imaginitive, original, and curious are they?
Identify:
Conscientiousness?
How planned, organized, orderly, hard-working, controlled, perservering, punctual, and ambituous is someone?
Identify:
Extraversion?
How sociable, talkative, active outgoing, confident, and fun-loving is someone?
Identify:
Agreeableness?
How friendly, warm, trusting, generous, and good-natured is someone?
Identify:
Neurocitism?
How anxious, worrying, tense, emotional, and high-strung is someone?
