Monomers vs. Polymers & Carbohydrates

Question 1

98% of living matter on Earth is comprised of?

Answer 1

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus and Sulfur **CHNOPS**

Question 2

What are hydrocarbons?

Answer 2

Chains of carbon and hydrogen.

Question 3

What are functional groups?

Answer 3

groups that are added to long chains of carbons and give the molecules certain chemical properties

Question 4

What is Hydroxl and where is it found

Answer 4

-OH Found in Alcohols (ethanol)

Question 5

What is Carboxyl and where is it found

Answer 5

-COOH Found in acids (vinegar)

Question 6

What is Amino and where is it found

Answer 6

-NH₂ Found in Bases (Ammonia)

Question 7

What is Phosphate and where is it found

Answer 7

-PO₄ Found in ATP

Question 8

What is carbonyl and where is it found

Answer 8

• COH Found in Aldehydes (formaldehyde) or
• CO- Found in Ketones (acetone)

Question 9

What is bonding capacity?

Answer 9

the specific number of bonds that elements like to form.

Carbon always forms 4 bonds

Hydrogen forms 1 bond

Question 10

What are macromolecules (polymers)?

Answer 10

large molecules composed of a large number of repeating subunits (monomers)

Question 11

What are the 4 major categories of macromolecules?

Answer 11

Carbohydrate (starch)

Lipid (triacylglycerol)

Protein (enzyme)

Nucleic Acid (DNA)

Question 12

What are the smaller units (monomers) for the major macromolecule - Carbohydrate?

Answer 12

Simple sugar (glucose)

Question 13

What are the smaller units (monomers) for the major macromolecules (polymers) - Lipid

Answer 13

Glycerol and fatty acids

Question 14

What are the smaller units (monomers) for the major macromolecules (polymers) - Protein

Answer 14

Amino Acids

Question 15

What are the smaller units (monomers) for the major macromolecules (polymers) - Nucleic Acid

Answer 15

DNA or RNA

Question 16

What is polymerization?

Answer 16

the process of the combination of monomers

also called - dehydration or synthesis or condensation

Question 17

What is a condensation reaction?

Answer 17

a reaction that removes H from one monomer and OH from another monomer to form a larger polymer molecule (creates a water molecule)

Question 18

The reaction that creates polymers from monomers _________ (REQUIRES/RELEASES) energy.

Answer 18

Requires - Energy is absorbed

Question 19

In the case of starch, plants use the energy absorbed from ___________ to build the complex starch molecule

Answer 19

photosynthesis

Question 20

What does metabolism refer to?

Answer 20

the processes of building and breaking down molecules inside our bodies.

Question 21

What is Anabolism?

Answer 21

the building of molecules

Question 22

What is catabolism?

Answer 22

the breaking down of molecules.

Question 23

The reaction that breaks down polymers into smaller subunits (monomers) _________(REQUIRES/RELEASES) energy

Answer 23

Releases

Question 24

What is a hydrolysis reaction?

Answer 24

the reaction that adds water to the molecule (breaking it up in the process)

polymer to monomer

Question 25

Metabolism occurs in our bodies with the help of important proteins called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 25

enzymes

Question 26

Enzymes require a very specific _____ to function

Answer 26

pH

Question 27

Which elements do carbohydrates contain

Answer 27

Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen

Question 28

The majority of the energy used by our body is obtained through the catabolism of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 28

carbohydrates

Question 29

A monomer of a carbohydrate is called a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 29

monosaccharide (simple sugars)

Question 30

2 monosaccharides joined together form a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 30

disaccharide (2 glucose = maltose)

Question 31

more than 2 monosaccharides joined together are called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 31

polysaccharides (ex. starch) starch can contain 300-1000 glucose molecules joined together.

Question 32

Characteristics of starch (polysaccharide)

Answer 32

energy storage (glucose) in plants relatively straight chain of glucose molecules provides a reserve of glucose molecules to produce energy

Question 33

Characteristics of Glycogen (Polysaccharide)

Answer 33

Energy storage in animals highly branched polymer of glucose molecules liver and muscle store glycogen insulin promotes the storage of glycogen in the liver provides a reserve of glucose molecules to produce energy (ATP)

Question 34

Characteristics of Cellulose (Polysaccharide)

Answer 34

Forms cell wall of plants used for strength, not a food store cannot be digested by mammals - called fiber ruminants have the enzymes in their stomach to break down cellulose rabbits have the necessary bacteria in their large intestine to breakdown cellulose

Question 35

terms used to describe the breaking down of molecules

Answer 35

catabolism and hydrolysis

Question 36

terms used to describe the building of molecules