Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy & Physiology 12 > Circulatory System > Flashcards

Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

What do arteries do?

A

Carry blood away from the heart

**Usually oxygenated blood**

**Exception is the pulmonary artery - which is deoxygenated blood**

**Usually carry blood which is high in pressure**

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How are the arteries constructed?

A

They have thick elastic walls - 3 layers

Inner layer - smooth endothelial

Middle layer - thick elastic and muscular

Outer layer - connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When taking your pulse are you feeling arteries or veins?

A

Arteries

Arteries have a pulse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are arterioles?

A

Small arteries just visible to the naked eye?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What do veins do?

A

Carry blood towards the heart

Usually carry deoxygenated blood (except the pulmonary vein)

blood usually is of low pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How are veins constructed?

A

3 layers

Inner layer - endothelial cells

Middle layer - thin and not as elastic as arteries

Outer layer - connective tissue

Have one way valve (pocket valves) to ensure return of blood to the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are venules?

A

small veins which drain blood away from the capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is vaso-constriction?

A

constricts blood vessels in certain areas of the body to make sure blood is available where it is needed most.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are some examples of vaso-constriction?

A

**Helps prevent heat loss “white” finger and toes

**Reduces blood flow to the gut and kidneys so that blood flow to skeletal muscles can be increased during exercise

**helps ensure blood flow to brain and heart is not affected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is vaso-dilation?

A

it is when the blood vessels open up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is an example of vaso-dilation?

A

helps regulate body temperature - during exercise, the body heats up, the vessels in the skin dilate to help cool the body down - “redness” in the face

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are capillaries?

A

small, thin-walled (one cell thick). Made of endothelial cells.

It’s where the exchange of nutrients, gases, and waste takes place.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do capillary beds control blood flow?

A

At the junction of the arterioles and the capillary beds are special sphincter muscles which can contract to shunt off the blood flowing into the capillary bed.

(Happens as a result of shock or trauma or exposure to cold temperatures)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The circulation system is divided into which 2 systems?

A

pulmonary system and systemic system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the pulmonary system?

A

the blood that circulates through the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the systemic system?

A

Blood that circulates around the body (except the lungs)

17
Q

What are the major blood vessels to the head?

A

Carotid Artery

Jugular Vein

18
Q

What are the major blood vessels to the arms

A

Subclavian Artery

Subclavian Vein

19
Q

What are the major blood vessels to the lungs?

A

Pulmonary Arteries

Pulmonary Veins

20
Q

What are the major blood vessels to the kidneys?

A

Renal artery

Renal vein

21
Q

What are the major veins to the legs & trunk?

A

iliac artery

iliac vein

22
Q

What are the major blood vessels to the digestive system?

A

From the aorta

to the mesenteric artery

to the Intestine

to the hepatic portal vein

to the liver

to the hepatic vein

to the posterior vena cava

23
Q

What is the cross-sectional area of a circle?

A

It is the area you see if you slice a blood vessel and look at it end-on?

24
Q

You only have a fixed volume of blood circulating in your body so if you increase the total cross-sectional area of the vessels what will happen to your blood pressure?

A

Your blood pressure will drop

This is helpful so you don’t burst thin-walled capillaries

25
Q

You have a fixed volume of blood circulating in your body, if you increase the total cross-sectional areas of the vessels what happens to the blood velocity?

A

The blood velocity will drop

This helps by providing more time for nutrient-waste exchange

26
Q

What does blood pressure and velocity look like in the arteries?

A

Both the blood pressure and blood velocity is high in arteries

**The total cross-sectional area of arteries is low because there are not that many of them in total.**

27
Q

What does the blood pressure and velocity look like in the capillaries?

A

The blood pressure and velocity drops drastically in the capillaries because they have a very high total cross-sectional area - There are lots of roads to choose from.

28
Q

What does the blood pressure and velocity look like in the veins?

A

The blood pressure is lowest in the veins because they are the furthest from your heart and because the diameter of each vein is quite large.

The velocity increases a bit in veins because your skeletal muscles surrounding each vein contract and push on the vein and squeeze the blood along.

29
Q

What is osmotic pressure?

A

The pressure of water “wanting” to move in a certain direction (HIGH to LOW Concentration)

Because the blood contains high amounts of proteins (the tissues want to “push” water INTO the blood vessels.)

**BUT on the arterial side BLOOD PRESSURE is higher than OSMOTIC PRESSURE (nutrients and water is forced into the tissues)

30
Q

What happens to blood pressure as blood passes through the capillaries

A

As the blood heads to the venous side, blood pressure drops (cross-sectional area increases)

At this point, OSMOTIC PRESSURE is greater than BLLOD PRESSURE so water and wastes (CO2, Urea & Ammonia) flow back into the blood

31
Q

What is the buildup of fluid in the tissues around the capillary bed called?

A

edema

32
Q

What causes edema?

A
  1. High blood pressure (hypertension) - Extra water is forced out of the arterial side of the capillaries
  2. A lack of fluid removal from the venous side - Fluid is removed by the lymphatic system
33
Q

What are the major functions of the lymphatic system?

A
  1. Lymph capillaries and lymph veins drain fluids from tissues to help prevent edema - swelling
  2. Lymph nodes - hold white blood cells, therefore, filter bacteria and viruses from lymph also, cleanse the blood by removing debris
  3. Lacteals - Absorb fatty acids and glycerol into lacteals
34
Q

Do lymphatic veins have valves?

A

yes. They ensure the one way flow of the lymph fluid

35
Q

What are the pressures on the arterial side of a capillary bed?

A

Blood pressure is approximately 40mmHg

Osmotic pressure is approximately 25mmHg

36
Q

What happens to a patient if the fluid balance between blood and tissues is

Net Blood Pressure in the Arterioles = 17mmHg

Net Osmotic Pressure in the Venule = 15mmHg

A

The patient would have edema (swelling)

Water would flow into the tissues

37
Q

What happens to a patient if the fluid balance between blood and tissues is

Net Blood Pressure in the Arterioles = 15mmHg

Net Osmotic Pressure in the Venule = 17mmHg

A

The person’s blood pressure would increase - Water would go into the blood.

Anatomy & Physiology 12 (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions