Molecular Biology Flashcards
Molecules to metabolism, Water, Carbohydrates and lipids, Proteins, Enzymes, Structure of DNA and RNA, DNA replication, transcrption and translation, Cell respiration, Photosynthesis
Define “molecular biology”
Compare the benefits of a reductionist vs. systems approach to studying biology
Recognize common functional groups
Draw skeletal molecular structures from full structure diagrams
Outline the number and type of bond carbon can form with other atoms
List the four major classes of carbon compounds used by living organisms
Define “metabolism” and “catalysis”
State the role of enzymes in metabolism
Define “anabolism”, “monomer”, and “polymer”
Describe condensation reactions
Using simple shapes to represent monomers, diagram a condensation reaction
Define “catabolism”
Contrast anabolism and catabolism
Describe hydrolysis reactions
Using simple shapes to represent monomers, diagram a hydrolysis reaction
Draw the molecules structure of urea
Describe how urea can be synthesized by living and artificial mechanisms
Draw the molecular diagram of ribose
Draw the molecular diagram of alpha-glucose
Draw the molecular diagram of a saturated fatty acid
Identify the carboxyl and methyl groups on a fatty acid
Draw the generalized structure of an amino acid
Label the amine group, carboxyl group, alpha carbon, and R group on an amino acid
Identify the four major classes of carbon compounds used by living organisms from four given diagrams (examples will include D-ribose, alpha glucose, beta glucose, triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids)
State the generalized chemical formula for carbohydrates
Identify the following carbohydrates from molecules drawings: D-ribose, alpha glucose, beta glucose, cellulose, glycogen, amylose starch, and amylopeptin starch
Compare the relative amount of oxygen atoms in lipids to the amount in carbohydrates
Identify the following lipids from molecular drawings: triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids
Define “vitalism”
Explain the role of urea in the falsification of vitalism
Describe the structure of an atom (in terms of protons, neutrons and electrons)
Contrast ion with atom
Define “anion” and “cation”
Contrast covalent, ionic, and hydrogen bonds
Write the molecular formula for water and draw the atomic structure of the molecule
Describe the cause effect of the polar nature of water
Describe where and how water is able to form hydrogen bonds
Contrast adhesion with cohesion
Outline an example of the cohesive property of water being of benefit to life
Outline an example of the adhesive property of water being of benefit to life
Explain three thermal properties of water that are useful to living organisms
Outline a benefit to life of water’s high specific heat capacity
Outline a benefit to water’s high latent heat of vaporization
Outline a benefit to life of water’s high boiling point
Explain why water is such a good solvent
List the types of molecules that water will dissolve
State that polar and ionic molecules are hydrophilic
State that non-polar, non-ionic molecules are hydrophobic
Given a diagram of a molecular structure, determine if the molecule is hydrophilic or hydrophobic
Compare the physical properties of methane and water
Explain why water and methane have different thermal properties based on their molecular structures
Explain sweating as a mechanism to cool the body
State if the following molecules are hydrophobic or hydrophilic: glucose, amino acids, cholesterol, fats, oxygen, and sodium chloride
Hydrophobic:
Hydrophilic:
Outline the mechanism of transport in the blood in the following molecules: glucose, amino acids, cholesterol, fats, oxygen, and sodium chloride
State why scientists cannot prove without a doubt that hydrogen bonds exist between water molecules.
Define “monosaccharide”, “disaccharide” and “polysaccharide”
List three examples of monosaccharides
List three examples of disaccharides
List three examples of polysaccharides
Use molecular diagrams to draw the formation of maltose from two glucose monomers
Explain a condensation reaction connecting two monosaccharides in the formation of a disaccharide
Describe the differences between saturated and unsaturated (mono- or poly-) fatty acids
Describe the differences between cis- and trans- fatty acids
Outline the difference between fats and oils
State two functions of triglycerides
Explain a condensation reaction connecting fatty acids and glycerol to form a triglyceride
Explain the energy storage of lipids compared to that of carbohydrates
State the structural difference between alpha and beta glucose
Contrast the structure and functions of cellulose, amylose, amylopectin and glycogen
Discuss the relationship between saturated fatty acid and trans-unsaturated fat intake and rates of coronary heart disease
Define evaluation in respect to evidence from and methods of research
Outline the manner in which the implications of research can be assessed
Outline the manner in which the limitations of research can be assessed
Evaluate a given health claim made about lipids
Demonstrate use of JMol to view molecular structures, including changing image size, rotating the image and changing the style of the molecular model
Identify carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms by color
Determine BMI using a nomogram
Outline effects of a BMI that is too high or too low.
Calculate BMI using the formula
Describe how the effect of lipids on health can be assessed scientifically
Describe polypeptide chain formation in terms of the formation of peptide bonds and condensation reactions
Determine the number of peptide bonds given the number of amino acids in a polypeptide
Define dipeptide, oligopeptides and polypeptide
State the number of amino acids used by living organisms to make polypeptides
