Module 9: Gestational Diabetes Flashcards
If a woman had preexisting diabetes, her HbA1C levels should ideally be near ________ by _______ mos prior to conception.
normal, 1 - 2
T/F: Changing hormones during pregnancy can cause blood glucose levels to fluctuate.
T
Women with preexisting diabetes may have lower insulin requirements in the first trimester, but may need more insulin in the _____ and ______ trimesters.
second, third
T/F: Pregnancy hormones cause insulin resistance.
T
Gestational DM (GDM) occurs during ____________, for one who has NOT previously had diabetes.
pregnancy
Gestational DM (GDM) usually develops during the ________ _______ of the pregnancy when the ___________ produces insulin antagonistic hormones.
last half, placenta
GDM occurs due to increased hepatic ____________ production and decreased _____________ sensitivity.
glucose, insulin
______glycemia + __________ resistance —-> GDM
hyper, insulin
- Older age at pregnancy
- Overweight or obese women
- Women w/excessive wt gain during pregnancy
- Women w/family hx of DM
Are all at risk for what?
Developing GDM
Fetal macrosomia = ______ baby
A _____-term risk factor for the fetus when the fetus produces more _________ to handle mom’s continuously high ______ _______ levels.
Insulin is a ________ hormone and the fetus converts that extra glucose to _________.
big, short, insulin, blood glucose
anabolic, fat
Fetal hypoglycemia is a _______-term risk factor when mom’s BG is consistently high and after delivery, the baby doesn’t have BG but is still making high levels of circulating _________.
short, insulin
Long-term risks to the fetus due to GDM include increased risk for overweight and ___________ later in life, and higher rates of pre-diabetes and Type _____ DM later in life.
obesity, 2
A long-term risk for the mother with GDM is increased risk of developing Type _____ DM later down the road (5 -10 yrs).
2
T/F: If a mother had GDM before, she is at risk for getting it again when she becomes pregant again.
T
Preeclampsia is a ______-term risk for the mother who had GDM.
It’s a conditions of high blood ___________ and _______ in the urine.
short, pressure, protein
HTN (hypertension), DVT’s (deep venous thrombosis blood clots), poor wound healing, increased labor time, and surgical deliveries and excessive blood loss are all ________-term risk to the __________ with GDM.
short, mother
Women should be screened for any existing Type ______ DM at the very 1st prenatal visit.
They are tested by an oral _________ tolerance test (OGTT) at ________ wks gestation.
2, glucose, 24 - 28
The OGTT consists of giving _______ g of glucose orally after an _____-hr overnight fast.
75, 8
OGTT result of: Fasting glucose ≥ 92 mg/dl
indicates dx of what?
GDM
OGTT result of: At 1 hr glucose ≥ ______ mg/dl indicates dx of GDM.
180
OGTT result of: At ___ hrs glucose ≥ 153 mg/dl indicates dx of GDM.
2
MNT goals for GDM are near _______ blood glucose levels without _________.
normal, hypoglycemia
What is the HbA1C target in pregancy?
< 6%
~ ___________ % of Kcal from CHO should be consumed during pregnancy.
40 - 45
What is the MINIMUM CHO amt (g/day) that should be consumed during pregnancy?
175
In GDM, insulin needs may _______ during pregnancy.
increase
